First Americans

1. First Americans • How did they get to America? • Where did they live? • How did they use their environment to meet their basic needs?

2. They were here firstThe Land Bridge Theory Over 14,000 years ago, during the Ice Age, people began to arrive in North America. They followed their food source.

3. Where did they live? • These people spread over the continents of North America and South America. • They lived in all Geographic regions of North America.

4. We will study 5 different groups of First Americans. • Each group lived in a very different environment

5. 3 Questions to answer • What region did each group inhabit? • What was the climate and geography like for each group? • How did the geography and climate affect the way each group met theirbasic needs?

6. Crazy Apes In Green Raincoats Baking Cookies Carefully. Remember the 8 Geographic Regions ?

7. What are Geography & Climate? • What the land looks like…flat, mountainous, hilly… • What the weather is like over a long period of time

8. List3 Basic Needs • FOOD • CLOTHING • SHELTER

9. Starting in the East • This group inhabited northeast North America in an area known as the Eastern Woodlands. • Their environment was heavily forested. • They lived in the Appalachian Mountain and Interior Lowland Regions. • Meet the Iroquois

10. Where Are We?

11. The Land • Thick forests • Fertile soil • Many rivers • Seasons

12. Conclude: How they met their Basic Needs: FOOD: Did they Hunt Fish Cultivate Gather Yes, the Iroquois used all of these methods

13. What kinds of food did the Iroquois eat? CBS Corn Beans Squash Small game deer Fish berries

14. Clothing & Shelter What natural resources were available to meet these needs? Clothing? Animal Skins Shelter? Wood Their shelters are called Longhouses.

15. The Iroquois Iroquois Longhouse A typical Iroquois village Interior of a Longhouse

16. Unique Characteristics • The Iroquois used slash and burn to prepare their land for farming.

17. Moving West… What Geographic Region are we now in? Describe the Geography & Climate

18. Region- Great Plains Geography- flat land gradually increasing in elevation westward. Grasslands few trees located between the Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains Climate- Seasons

19. Where Are We? The Sioux

20. The Land

21. The Great Plains

22. Basic Needs Conclude, using what you know about their environment: Food Hunt Fish Cultivate Clothing Animal skins or Plants? Shelter What natural resource did they use?

23. Answer: Walking Wal-mart • The Sioux hunted.The women harvested corn. • Example: Bison • Their clothing was made of animal skin. • Their shelter was made of animal skin: a tepee

24. Unique Characteristic • The Sioux were nomadic. • The Sioux moved to follow their food source. (No permanent address)

25. Moving West… • Located in the southwest • Present day Arizona & New Mexico Meet the Pueblo people

26. Region- Basin & Range Geography- Areas of varying elevation, containing isolated mountain ranges, and Death Valley There were not many trees. The soil was sandy. Climate- Hot and dry, not much rain

27. Where Are We? The Pueblo

28. The Land

29. Describe the Climate and Geography • What was the climate like? • Describe the land. • Were there forests? • What river runs through this region?

30. The climate was hot and dry • The land was varied, with mountains, cliffs, and basins. • There were few trees. • The Colorado river runs through this region. It helped carve the Grand Canyon in present-day Arizona.

31. Basic Needs Conclude, how the Pueblo people managed to survive in this harsh environment. Food Hunt Fish Cultivate Clothing Animal skins or Plants? Shelter What natural resource did they use?

32. Food They cultivated their food. (farmed) CBS CORN BEANS SQUASH (GREW SURPLUS AND STORED THE EXTRA FOOD)

33. Clothing • PLANTS • They cultivated cotton. • They wove the cotton.

34. SHELTER They used stones and mud to make adobe bricks. There homes were called Pueblos by the Spanish.

35. Unique Characteristic • The Pueblo people dug irrigation ditches to bring water to their crops. • They made pottery. • They wove cloth.

36. Moving West & North…(it’ too hot!) • Located along the Pacific coast in present-day Washington state and Canada • Contains the Cascade Mountains • Columbia River located here

37. Region- Coastal Range • Geography- Rugged mountains and fertile valleys, located along the Pacific Ocean, forests • Climate- Rainy and mild

38. Where Are We? The Kwakiutl

39. The Land

40. Let’s Talk Climate: • Rainy (This area gets a great deal of rain.) • Ocean Currents (Influence the climate, making the temperatures mild) It's Raining... It's Pouring

41. Basic Needs Conclude, how the Kwakiutl people managed to survive in this environment. Food Hunt Fish Cultivate Clothing Animal skins or Plants? Shelter What natural resource did they use?

42. Food • Mostly they FISHED. (Salmon) • They ate other foods of course. ___ ___ ________ ____ ______

43. Clothing • They used plants. (Cedar bark) • They also used Animal skins. Bark-The Next Louis Vuitton Native dancer A cedar bark cape.

44. SHELTER • They used plants to build their shelter. (Trees) • Their houses were called Plank houses.

45. Unique Characteristics • They held lavish parties called “Potlatches”. • They carved Totem Poles. • They traded • They stored their food.

46. Tools Of The Trade Above: Trading boat Below: Tools Above: Fishing net Below: Drying rack

47. Moving North… • Hundreds of lakes carved by glaciers • Wrapped around the Hudson Bay in a horseshoe shape • Oldest rock formations in N. America • Hills worn by erosion • Name this region.

48. Region: Canadian Shield • What is the climate like? It’s COLD! • Frozen tundra, with temperatures below freezing much of the year

49. Where Are We? The Inuit

50. The Land