Sections 2.3 – 2.6 Recap

1. Sections 2.3 – 2.6 Recap Unit Test on Tuesday, October 2, 2012

2. 2.3 Sampling Techniques • Scenario: A sample of young adults were surveyed regarding their diets.If the sample consists of young adults, then who is the population of this study?

3. Scenario: A sociology professor talks to every 9th elementary school student walking into the local library about their reading skills. If he interviewed 34 people, what is the population size?

4. A sociology professor talks to every 9th elementary school student walking into the local library about their reading skills. If he interviewed 34 people, what is the population size?interval = pop. size / sample size Re-arrange it to get pop. size = interval x sample size = 9 x 34 = 306elem. school students

5. Was that an example of systematic sampling or stratified sampling?

6. Sample Types • Sample • Simple random sample • Systematic sample • Stratified sample

7. Sample Types • Cluster sample – • Multi-stage sample • Voluntary-response sample • Convenience sample

8. Sample Types • Cluster sample - the total population is divided into groups (or clusters) and a simple random sample of the groups is selected. • Multi-stage sample • Voluntary-response sample • Convenience sample

9. Sample Types • Cluster sample - the total population is divided into groups (or clusters) and a simple random sample of the groups is selected. *My drawing on the white board was not a definition, it was only describing the textbook’s fast-food chain example. • Multi-stage sample - • Voluntary-response sample • Convenience sample

10. Sample Types • Cluster sample - the total population is divided into groups (or clusters) and a simple random sample of the groups is selected. *My drawing on the white board was not a definition, it was only describing the textbook’s fast-food chain example. • Multi-stage sample – several levels of random sampling • Voluntary-response sample – • Convenience sample

11. Sample Types • Cluster sample - the total population is divided into groups (or clusters) and a simple random sample of the groups is selected. *My drawing on the white board was not a definition, it was only describing the textbook’s fast-food chain example. • Multi-stage sample – several levels of ran. sampling • Voluntary-response sample – researcher invites any member of population into survey • Convenience sample

12. Sample Types • Cluster sample - the total population is divided into groups (or clusters) and a simple random sample of the groups is selected. *My drawing on the white board was not a definition, it was only describing the textbook’s fast-food chain example. • Multi-stage sample – several levels of ran. sampling • Voluntary-response sample – researcher invites any member of population into survey • Convenience sample

13. Sample Types • Cluster sample - the total population is divided into groups (or clusters) and a simple random sample of the groups is selected. *My drawing on the white board was not a definition, it was only describing the textbook’s fast-food chain example. • Multi-stage sample – several levels of ran. sampling • Voluntary-response sample – researcher invites any member of population into survey • Convenience sample - sample selected but it’s easily accessible

14. Question • A community centre chooses 15 of its members and asks them to have each member of their families complete a short questionnaire. A) What type of sample is the community centre using?

15. Question • A community centre chooses 15 of its members and asks them to have each member of their families complete a short questionnaire. A) What type of sample is the community centre using?  Answer: Cluster Sample

16. Question • A community centre chooses 15 of its members and asks them to have each member of their families complete a short questionnaire. B) Are the 15 community-centre members a random sample of the community?

17. Question • A community centre chooses 15 of its members and asks them to have each member of their families complete a short questionnaire. B) Are the 15 community-centre members a random sample of the community? Answer: No, not every member has an equal chance of being selected

18. Question • A community centre chooses 15 of its members and asks them to have each member of their families complete a short questionnaire. C) To what extent are the family members randomly chosen?

19. Question • A community centre chooses 15 of its members and asks them to have each member of their families complete a short questionnaire. C) To what extent are the family members randomly chosen? Answer: to the same extent as the member of the community was selected

20. 2.4 Bias in Surveys • Sampling Bias • Non-response Bias • Measurement Bias • Response Bias

21. 2.4 Bias in Surveys • Sampling Bias – sample doesn’t rep. population • Non-response Bias – groups under-represented in survey b/c they chose not to participate • Measurement Bias – data collection method misestimates population characteristics • Response Bias – false/misleading answers given because of sensitive survey questions

22. Intentional bias – • Unintentional bias – • Leading questions – • Loaded questions -

23. Intentional bias – used to manipulate stats in favour of a certain point of view • Unintentional bias – can be introduced if sampling and data collection methods are not chosen carefully • Leading questions – can give suggested answers which causes a bias • Loaded questions – contains wording or information intended to influence respondents’ answers

24. Any bias below? • Can the proposed record level of healthcare expenditures be justified in view of the enormous deficits facing the Canadian people and the pressing social needs that are currently unmet?

25. 2.5 Measure of Central Tendency • What does the above mean?

26. 2.5 Measure of Central Tendency • What does the above mean?  values around which a set of data tends to cluster

27. What is the difference between and ?

28. What is the difference between and ? • refers to mean of population • refers to mean of sample

29. What is the difference between and ?

30. Hand back quizzes & … • Exercise: Calculate mean quiz mark with proper weights Knowledge/Understanding 40% Application 30% Communication 10% Thinking 20%

31. Grade 10 Exam Question on Determining the Centroid

32. Grade 10 Exam Question on Determining the Centroid x mean = (1+3+5)/3 = 3y mean = (2+4+0)/3= 2centroid = (3, 2)

33. You can calculate x mean, y mean & z mean to get centroid of 3D objects

34. Grade 10 breaks down when weights are applied. Consider bottom right vertex mass = 2.2 kg top vertex mass = 5.7 kg left vertex mass = 0.2 kg Determine the center of the mass

35. Grade 10 breaks down when weights are applied. Consider bottom right vertex mass = 2.2 kg top vertex mass = 5.7 kg left vertex mass = 0.2 kg Determine the center of the mass x mean = [1(0.2)+3(5.7)+5(2.2)] / (0.2 + 5.7 + 2.2) = 3.5y mean = [2(0.2)+4(5.7)+0(2.2)] / (0.2 + 5.7 + 2.2) = 2.9

36. 2.6 Measures of Spread • We’ll do this tomorrow

37. Review Questions • Q #1, 5, 6, 7, 9, 11, 14 Page 151-152