The problems

1. The problems • Germany after World War I • The Kaiser kicked out!! • A democratic gov’t called the Weimar Republic took over. • The people hated this gov’t for giving into the Treaty of Versailles. • The Weimar Rep. was weak • Inflation caused a major economic problem. • Keep on printing $$$ to pay off reparations from WWI • French invaded demanding their money! • People were poor.

2. Munich Putsch • An attempted overthrow of the Weimar gov’t by Right-Wing local gov’t Nov. 8th, 1923 • They postpone, but Hitler and his SA (nazis) force it…. • march on Munich, similar to Mussolini in Rome; FAILS BUT……. There is a silver lining for Hitler • Hitler is put on trial, gets national exposure, even judge agrees with him!!!! • Sentenced to 9 mos. In jail and outlawed from public speaking • Writes Mein Kampf in jail • Outlines his life story, blames the Jews for Germany’s misfortunes, preaches of aryan purity, and describes the future of Germany. • Hitler realizes that he cannot take control through rebellion, must do it through election!!!

3. How Hitler rose to power

4. Treaty of Versailles You must carve in your heart These words, as in stone - What we have lost Will be regained! • Much resentment and hatred towards it. Hitler used this anger

5. $$$ Hitler’s financiers Many industrials bankrolled the Nazis, including allegedly: • Hjalmar Schacht, Head of the Reichsbank, organised fund-raising parties for Hitler. • Fritz von Thyssen, the German steel businessman • Alfred Krupp, the owner of Krupp steel firm • Emil Kirdorf, the coal businessman • IG Faben, the German chemicals firm, gave half the funds for the 1933 elections • The German car firm Opel (a subsidiary of General Motors) • Schroeder Bank – on Jan. 3, 1933, Reinhard Schroeder met Hitler and asked him to form a government. And many foreign firms including: • Henry Ford of Ford Motors. Hitler borrowed passages from Ford's book The International Jew to use in Mein Kampf and had a picture of Ford on the wall of his office. • Union Banking Corporation, New York (George Bush’s great-grandfather was president of the Corporation) • WA Harriman and Co., the American shipping and railway company (George Bush’s grandfather was vice-president) • Irenee du Pont, head of the American firm General Motors; he advocated the creation of a super-race by spinal injections to enhance children of ‘pure’ blood

6. Ineffective Constitution • Article 48 of the constitution gave the President sole power in ‘times of emergency’ – something he took often. • 28 different political parties in Reichstag!! • The German states had too much power and often ignored the government. • Military Generals didn’t support gov’t • government officials – especially judges – were right-wing and wanted to destroy the government. • Crimes against the Gov’t werent severe or went unpunished • Ex: hitler only went to jail for 9 months for treason against the gov’t

7. What is the purpose of propaganda?

8. Propaganda- Hitler and JosephGoebbels • Used to promote that Hitler was their BEST and ONLY hope • Communists and especially Jews were to blame for Germany’s woes… • The Master Race was the only race • Aryan nation • Blonde hair, blue eyes • Nazi Racism Jewish propaganda video

10. Journal #1 analyzing primary sources in Germany • First, you will analyze the two posters from Nazi Germany and answer the questions that are on the white board up front • Second, you will grab a worksheet from me and answer the 3 questions that go along with that • This will be your ticket to A.T.

11. Journal #1 analyzing primary sourc

12. Journal #2: Programme-25 pts • The unity of all German-speaking peoples. • The abolition of the Treaty of Versailles. • Land and colonies to feed Germany’s population. • Only Germans can be citizens. No Jew can be a German citizen. • People in Germany who are not citizens must obey special laws for foreigners. • Only German citizens can vote, be employed or hold public office. • Citizens are entitled to a job and a decent standard of living. If this cannot be achieved, foreigners (with no rights as citizens) should be expelled. • No further immigration of non-German must be allowed. All foreigners who have come to Germany since 1914 must be expelled. • All citizens have equal rights and duties. • The first duty of a citizen is to work. • All payments to unemployed people should end. • All profits made by profiteers during the war must be shared. • Nationalisation of public industries*. • Large companies must share their profits. • Pensions must be improved. • Help for small shops and businesses; large department stores** must be closed down. • Property reform to give small farmers their land. • An all-out battle against criminals, profiteers, etc., who must be punished by death. • Reform of the law to make it more German. • Improve education so that all Germans can get a job. • Improve people’s health by making a law for people to do sport. • Abolition of the Army, and a new People’s Army in its place. • German newspapers must be free of foreign influence. • Freedom of religion. • Strong central government with unrestricted authority.

13. Attacks on other parties Kristallnacht: night of Broken Glass (intimidation at its worst)

14. Personal Qualities –Journaly #3 • Hitler was a brilliant speaker, and his eyes had a peculiar power over people. He was a good organizer and politician. He was a driven, unstable man, who believed that he had been called by God to become dictator of Germany and rule the world. This kept him going when other people might have given up. His self-belief persuaded people to believe in him.

15. Economic Reasons • Wall Street Crash (1929) • the US called in its loans to Germany, and the German economy collapsed. • The # of unemployed grew; people starved on the streets. • people wanted someone to blame, and looked to extreme solutions – Hitler offered them both, and Nazi success in the elections grew. • Germans turned to Nazism because they were desperate. The number of Nazi seats in the Reichstag rose from 12 in 1928 to 230 in July 1932.

16. Recruited by Hidenburg • 1932, Nazi support fell • Hitler contemplates suicide • What if? • Franz von Papen was Chancellor, a friend of Hidenburg • Hindenburg and von Papen were having to govern by emergency decree under Article 48 of the Constitution. • They offered Hitler the post of vice-Chancellor if he promised to support them. • He demands Chancellor • Given the position!! • Thought Hitler could be controlledcontrolled

17. Homework for the weekend Journal #4 • Read and summarize each step towards becoming a Dictator. • Then, put them in chronological with a 1-2 sentence explanation as to why this is important to Hitler in obtaining Power in Germany. • Example: • 1. Enabling Act-1933- this act gave Hitler complete power to make any laws that could rid all opposition, as well as giving him the ability to legally declare himself dictator!

18. Entry Task • Please pull out your homework from the weekend. • Get into groups of 4 and discuss the ways Hitler obtained power. • As a group, create a list that ranks the importance of each step towards control over Germany.

19. Nazi Germany and it’s impact on German people

20. Nazi Party members

21. “Ordinary” German Citizens • For ordinary people, life was good, and many Germans even today look back and remember the years before 1939 as happy years: • Nazi economic policies gave full employment (the Strength through Joy programme (KdF) gave some people fun and holidays. • the 'Beauty of Work' movement (SdA) gave people pride in what they were doing. • law and order (few people locked their doors), • autobahns improved transport, • frequent ceremonies, rallies, color and excitement, • Nazi propaganda gave people hope, • Nazi racial philosophy gave people self-belief • Trust in Adolf Hitler gave a sense of security “We all felt the same, the same happiness and joy. Things were looking up. I believe no statesman has ever been as loved as Adolf Hitler was then. It’s all come flooding back to me. Those were happy times.” A German farmer, LuiseEssig, remembering life in Nazi Germany.

22. Women in Nazi Germany • Three C’s • Church, Children, Cook • Stay home, don’t work, raise good lil’ nazis "Take hold of kettle, broom and pan,Then you’ll surely get a man!Shop and office leave alone, Your true life work lies at home." • 1933- Law of Marriage Encouragement • Newlyweds- 1000 Marks • Had one kid- didn’t pay back 25% of loan • 2 kids- 50%, 3-75%, • Goal: to increase population, but of Aryan blood. • Single women • Lebensborn • Establishments that took single women and had them mate w/ SS for children

23. Source A: Why children are important When an opponent declares, `I will not come over to your side,' I calmly say, `Your child belongs to us already.. . . What are you ? You will pass on. Your descendants, however, now stand in the new camp. In a short time they will know nothing else but this new community. Hitler, speaking in the 1920s Journal #3 Based on these two documents, why were children so important to Hitler and the his goals of a Nazi Empire? Nazi youth Source B How we want our children to be... My system of education is a harsh one. The world will shrink in fear from the youngsters who grow up in my Ordensburgen. A violent, masterful, dauntless, cruel younger generation - that is my aim. There must be nothing weak and tender about it. Its eyes must glow once more with the freedom and splendour of the beast of prey. Hitler, speaking in the 1930s Disney film on Hitler Youth

24. Indoctrination at School • When Klauss got back from school at five o’clock he bullied me into helping him with his homework ... Here is a maths problem picked out at random: ‘A plane on take off carries 12 bombs, each weighing ten kilos. The aircraft makes for Warsaw , the centre of international Jewry. It bombs the town. On take off with all bombs on board and a fuel tank containing 1500 kilos of fuel the aircraft weighed 8 tonnes. When it returned from the crusade, there were still 230 kilos of fuel left. What is the weight of the aircraft when empty?’ • A German father describes a question his child had to answer at school. It is clearly designed to inculcate the Nazi principles of militarism and anti-Semitism as the child works, ostensibly, on his Maths

26. Opponents of Hitler and Nazis… ARRESTED, KILLED, or SENT TO CONCENTRATION CAMP(MIGHT AS WELL BE DEATH…)

27. UNTERMENSCH • The Nazi regime despised many groups which it thought were racially or socially inferior (untermensch = subhuman) - people they called the 'germs of destruction'. • Groups which were persecuted and killed included: • Jews, such as Anne Frank, whom the Germans systematically persecuted, were forced into walled ghettos, put into concentration camps, and used for medical experiments. In the end the Nazis devised the Final Solution of genocide - it was the Holocaust. • Gypsies were treated almost as badly as the Jews - 85% of Germany's gypsies were killed. • Black people were sterilized and killed. • 5000 mentally disabled babies were killed 1939-45. • 72,000 mentally ill patients were killed 1939-41. • Physically disabled people and families with hereditary illness were sometimes sterilized. 300,000 men and women were sterilized 1934-45. • Some deaf people were sterilised and put to death. • Beggars, homosexuals, prostitutes, alcoholics, pacifists, hooligans and criminals were also regarded as anti-social, and they were put in concentration camps

28. DISCLAIMER • THE PHOTOS YOU ARE ABOUT TO LOOK AT ARE BRUTAL IN NATURE, • If you feel uncomfortable, please do not hesitate to not look or remove yourself from the classroom while we look at the slide show.