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Chapter 9, part B. Biotechnology and Recombinant DNA. Genetic Engineering: cloning a gene. Figure 9.11.1. Genetic Engineering. Figure 9.11.2. Making a Gene Product. Figure 9.12.1. Making a Gene Product. Figure 9.12.2. E. coli. Used because it is easily grown and its genomics are known
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Chapter 9, part B Biotechnology and Recombinant DNA
Genetic Engineering: cloning a gene Figure 9.11.1
Genetic Engineering Figure 9.11.2
Making a Gene Product Figure 9.12.1
Making a Gene Product Figure 9.12.2
E. coli • Used because it is easily grown and its genomics are known • Need to eliminate endotoxin from products • Cells must be lysed to get product
Making a Gene Product Figure 9.13
Therapeutic Applications • Subunit vaccines • Recombivac Hepatitis B • Nonpathogenic viruses carrying genes for pathogen's antigens as vaccines • Gene therapy to replace defective or missing genes • Human Genome Project • Nucleotides have been sequenced • Human Proteome Project may provide diagnostics and treatments
Random Shotgun Sequencing: Skip this Figure 9.14
Scientific Applications • Understanding of DNA • Sequencing organisms' genomes • DNA fingerprinting for identification Figure 9.16
Southern Blotting To look for a gene or sequence Figure 9.15.1
Southern Blotting Figure 9.15.2
Southern Blotting Figure 9.15.3
Agricultural Applications Table 9.2
Genetic Engineering Using Agrobacterium Figure 9.18
Safety Issues and Ethics • Avoid accidental release • Frankenfish and frankenfood (corn) • Genetically modified crops must be safe for consumption and for the environment • Bt with new protein • Who will have access to an individual's genetic information? • Patents - sell to poor countries for profit