Australia

1. Who do you believe is the most famous explorer of all time? Why? Give as many facts about your explorer as possible.

2. Australia Early Exploration

3. Why did Europeans send explorers? • Sea route to the spices of Asia • Gold, silver, precious stones • Curiosity; expand knowledge • Control; power • Spread Christianity • Animal furs

6. First Inhabitants

7. First Inhabitants 20,000-60,000 B.C. Aborigines Scientist do not agree to how these natives arrived 1. Island hoppers 2. Land bridge

8. Earliest Explorers

9. Willem Jansz • 1570? • Netherlands • Sent by Dutch East Indies Company to explore route south of Indies • First European (Dutch) to see and land on the continent of Australia

11. Louis de Torres • 1606 • Spanish • Sailed through Torres Strait but never landed in Australia

12. Torres Strait

13. Abel Tasman • 1603 • Dutch • Explored northern coast of Australia (1642) • Discovered island of Tasmania; called it “Van Diemen’s Land” after General of Dutch East Indies

14. Abel Tasman

15. Abel Tasman’s 1st Voyage

16. Abel Tasman’s 2nd Voyage

17. Broome, Australia X

18. Broome, Australia

19. Port Hedland X

20. William Dampier • 1652 • Buccaneer (pirate); not for wealth but curiosity • 1688 became British navigator; sent by British to find Terra Australis • Explored Australia’s coast and other large areas of the far South Pacific

21. First Englishman to visit Australia (New Holland) • Lands on western shore of “New Holland” • Bad Luck – bad ship, bad crew, scurvy, ship sank on return voyage • Court marshaled; forbidden from joining navy

22. First Englishman to visit Australia (New Holland) • Lands on western shore of “New Holland” • Bad Luck – bad ship, bad crew, scurvy, ship sank on return voyage • Court marshaled; forbidden from joining navy • So….

25. James Cook • 1728 • British • “discovered” Australia

26. Cook’s First Voyage • 1768 • “Purpose” – voyage to Tahiti to observe passage of Venus between the earth and the sun • Rio de Janeiro, east coast of Australia (New Holland), East Indies (Indonesia), Indian Ocean, Cape of Good Hope

27. Accomplishments… • Returned July, 1771 • Claimed Australia • Explored, charted, mapped islands of Pacific • Developed a way to prevent scurvy

28. Scurvy • Disease caused by malnutrition • Affected many sailors • Resulted in illness and death • Prevention…. eat “lots” of veggies!!!!!!

30. Cook’s Second Voyage • July, 1772 • Purpose – find a large southern continent to balance the continents of the Northern Hemisphere • Tip of Africa, headed south • Forced to turn around because of huge masses of ice • Came within 75 miles of Antarctica

31. Cook’s Second Voyage… • New Zealand for the winter • Sailed again in the spring past Antarctic Circle

32. Accomplishments… • Concluded “No habitable southern continent” • Discovered several islands of the Pacific • Accurate maps

34. Cook’s Third Voyage • July, 1776 • Purpose – search for Northwest Passage • Tip of Africa, New Zealand (Cook Strait), Sandwich Islands (Hawaii), Oregon, British Columbia, Alaska, Bering Strait, Bering Sea • Halted by Arctic ice; returned to Hawaii for winter

35. Accomplishments… • February, 1779 • While in Hawaii, investigated a theft • Killed by a native

37. Matthew Flinders • 1774 • England • Sailed around Australia proving it to be one large land mass • Named Australia