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Diversity

Explore the world of viruses, bacteria, and diseases through BIO 1113/1114 offered at Oklahoma City Community College. Learn how viruses invade cells, causing diseases like HIV, flu, and strep throat. Discover bacterial conjugation, antibiotic resistance, and the survival of Archaea in extreme environments. Dive into the kingdom Protista with photosynthesizing protists and parasitic protozoa like Plasmodium causing malaria. Join this fascinating journey into the microscopic world of pathogens and learn about their impact on human health.

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Diversity

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  1. Diversity BIO 1113/1114 Oklahoma City Community College Dennis Anderson

  2. Virus • Virus invades a body cell • Virus forces body cell to make new viruses • Virus often kills body cell after it has made new viruses

  3. HIV Virus

  4. Viral Diseases • AIDS • Chickenpox • Measles • Rabies • Polio • Herpes • Cancer • Flu • Common cold

  5. Viruses Mutates Antibody matches spike Antibody does not matches spike

  6. 1918 Flu Pandemic Killed 50 Million People

  7. Domain Bacteria • Prokaryotic cells • Cell wall • Peptidoglycan • Reproduce by binary fission

  8. Lactobacillus acidophilus

  9. Streptococcus pyogenes

  10. Treponema pallidium

  11. scalp nasal passages about 200species ofresidentbacteria inmouth skin few residentbacteria instomachbecause of its acidic pH digestivetract armpit 500-1,000species ofresidentbacteria inlarge intestine rectum vagina Figure 21.8

  12. Bacterial Diseases • Strept throat • Tuberculosis • Diptheria • Pertussis • Tetanus • Syphilis • Plague • MRSA

  13. Strept Throat • Steptococcus • Airborne & direct contact • Pharynx and tonsils infected • Sore throat • Fever

  14. Tuberculosis • Mycobacterium • Airborne • Cough • Blood in sputum • Weight loss • Fever

  15. Diphtheria • Corynebacterium • Airborne • Membrane grows over tonsils • Difficult to breathe • Toxin • Heart • Nervous system

  16. Pertussis or Whooping Cough • Bordetella • Airborne • Coughing fits • Whoop sound

  17. Tetanus • Clostridium • Puncture wound • Severe muscle spasms • Can’t breathe

  18. Syphilis • Treponema • STD • Lesions on genitals • Spread to skin • Damage almost any organ in the body

  19. Plague • Yersinia • Bubos • Rat flea • 1357-1350 killed 25,000,000 in Europe • 1900’s killed 20,000,000 in India

  20. Plague Survivor

  21. MRSAMethicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus • Super bug • Resistant to antibiotics • Hospital acquired

  22. Bacterial Conjugation

  23. Antibiotics • Prevent cell wall synthesis • Prevent protein synthesis

  24. Domain Archaea • Prokaryotic cells • Cell wall • Different from bacteria • Cell membrane • Different from bacteria • tRNA different • 56% of DNA new

  25. Archaeons • Found everywhere • Very acidic • Very hot • Very salty • Soil • Oceans • Human body

  26. Kingdom Protista • Eukaryotic cells • Unicellular • Photosynthetic • Heterotrophic

  27. Algae • Chloroplasts • Volvox • Flagella • Colony

  28. Photosynthesizing Protists: Algae • Phytoplankton: • float near the surface of water. • they produce most of earth’s oxygen • form the base of aquatic food chains

  29. Protozoa • Animal like • Motile • Reproduce • Sexual • Asexual

  30. Giardia • Giardiasis • Backpackers disease • Beaver fever • Inhabits intestines of several animals and man • Acquired by drinking water with cysts • Cramping and diarrhea

  31. Plasmodium • Malaria • Most important parasitic disease of humans today • WHO estimates that 270 million new cases occur annually with 2 million annual deaths • Transmitted by the bite of infected mosquitoes of genusAnopheles

  32. Mosquito transmits Plasmodium when she sucks blood

  33. Plasmodium ruptures RBCs Simultaneous lysing of RBCs causes the sudden chills & fever typical of malaria

  34. The End

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