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The Three Phases of Water

The Three Phases of Water. Vapor - gas (invisible) Liquid - droplets (cloud and precipitation) Solid - ice crystals (snow, frost) extraordinary characteristic - exists in all 3 phases at the same time in the free atmosphere maximum content by % - 3 or 4% in Tropics

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The Three Phases of Water

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  1. The Three Phases of Water • Vapor - gas (invisible) • Liquid - droplets (cloud and precipitation) • Solid - ice crystals (snow, frost) • extraordinary characteristic - exists in all 3 phases at the same time in the free atmosphere • maximum content by % - 3 or 4% in Tropics • many ways to measure (Td, Tw, RH, e/es)

  2. Water Measurements

  3. The Three Phases of Water • The Relative part of RH • depends on actual water content • depends on air temperature • in a typical day: RH max when T is minimum • RH min when T is maximum • provided no change of moisture content • Dewpoint Temperature • depends only on actual water content

  4. The Water Cycle

  5. The Three Phases of Water • Making a cloud • Three ingredients • water vapor (source of water to be evaporated) • cooling mechanism (lifting by bouyancy or topography) • condensation nuclei (most common forms are dust and sea salt - hygroscopic) • Making it rain/snow • Two processes (warm/cold cloud)

  6. Non Precipitating Water • Dew • Frost • Guttation

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