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INDUSTRY TRENDS

INDUSTRY TRENDS. 2006 Heavy Duty Seminar. CHANGING REQUIREMENTS FOR HEAVY DUTY LUBRICANTS. Performance Categories. API Performance Categories for Diesel Engine Oils. Category. Service Definition. CJ-4 2007 Emission Engines Low SAPS

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INDUSTRY TRENDS

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  1. INDUSTRY TRENDS 2006 Heavy Duty Seminar

  2. CHANGING REQUIREMENTS FOR HEAVY DUTY LUBRICANTS

  3. Performance Categories API Performance Categories for Diesel Engine Oils Category Service Definition CJ-4 2007 Emission Engines Low SAPS CI-4 Plus 2003 Increased soot control CI-4 2002 Low Emission, Four Stroke Engine with EGR and Low Sulfur Fuel CH-4 1998 Low Emission, Four Stroke Engine Both High and Low Sulfur Fuel CG-4 1994 Low Emission, Four-Stroke Engines Using 0.05% Sulfur Fuel CF-4 1991 Low Emission Engines CF-2 Severe Duty Two-Stroke Cycle Engines CF Turbocharged Engines or High Sulfur Fuel Heavy Duty

  4. The Future of Heavy Duty Lubricants:“After-treatment Compatible Lubricants with ULSD”

  5. FUTURE CHANGES • Further reduction in emissions drive CJ-4 • Development/Implementation in 2005-2007 • Will require after-treatment devices • Reduced zinc, sulfur & phosphorus and low ash technology for after-treatment device compatibility • UltraLow sulfur (15 PPM) fuel • Increased use of higher quality base stocks • Backward compatibility issues ? • Radical Changes to our product tiers/concepts ?

  6. Worldwide Emission Requirements US 2002/2004 Euro III (2000) PM, g/kW-hr; ESC test Japan 2005 Euro V (2008) Euro IV (2005) US 2007 NOx, g/kW-hr; ESC test

  7. CJ-4 Technical Update • New category intended to lubricate and protect 2007 model year engines • Production starts 4Q 2006 • Engines are now on road under restricted testing • Also in the same timeline, ULSD, Ultra-Low Sulfur diesel • Emissions for 2007 are very reduced in both NOx and particulate matter

  8. CJ-4 Technical Update • All major diesel engine OEM’s will be using increased EGR (CAT Acert) and after-treatment • DPF (Diesel Particulate Filter) will require oils with less ash for long term protection • The ash plugging issue is still under discussion among the OEM’s

  9. PC-10 Chemical Limits • Sulfated Ash, Phosphorus, Sulfur, (SAPS) • Sulfated Ash 1% wt max • Phosphorus 0.12% wt max • Sulfur .4% wt max • Approved June 2004

  10. CI-4 Plus TBN 10-12 plus ASH 1.2-1.5% Phosphorus .14% CJ-4 TBN 7-8 possibly 9.5 ASH 1% max Phosphorus .12% CI-4 Plus vs CJ-4

  11. New Engine Tests • Cummins ISM • Rolling valve train wear • Replaces M11 EGR • Cummins ISB • Sliding valve train wear • Cat C-13 • Piston deposit and oil consumption • Mack T-12 • Ring and liner wear • Replaces T-10

  12. Engine test differences • T-12 is more severe than T-10 on Pb corrosion and oxidation • Cummins ISM and ISB demonstrate rolling and sliding valve train wear • T-11 limits are more severe than CI-4 Plus

  13. New OEM Specs. • Caterpillar ECF-2 and ECF-3 ECF-1 will be dropped ECF-2 Delayed until 2007 Off-Highway and pre- ’07 engines No longer an ash max but will have 1% min CH-4 minimum quality level ECF-3 mirrors CJ-4, self certifying but Cat wants data.

  14. New OEM Specs. • Cummins 20081 • Very strict ash limit 1.00% • Tighter T-12 limits • Tighter injector screw weight loss in ISM • Tighter cam lobe wear in ISB

  15. New OEM Specs. • Mack EO-O Premium Plus • Tighter T-12 Limits • Tighter limits on cam lobe wear in ISB

  16. Engine Efficiency Factors • Air Management • Head Design • Turbochargers • Valve timing • Fuel Delivery • Electronics • After-Treatment • Oxidation Catalyst • Particulate Filters

  17. How does EGR reduce NOx? • Re-circulated exhaust will displace O2 reducing the chance to react with N2 during combustion • Exhaust gas will also reduce combustion pressure and temperature • All reduces NOx levels coming out of the stack • Fuel economy?????

  18. What is EGR?Exhaust Gas Recirculation EGR Duct & Heat Exchanger EGR Control Valve Intake Exhaust • EGR lowers O2 and reduces peak temperatures and pressures • EGR gasses are cooled to improve volumetric efficiency Hot Exhaust Gas Fresh Intake Air N

  19. DPF (Diesel Particulate Filter) • Catch and hold particulates • Non-combustible matter must be manually removed during some type of scheduled maintenance • OEM’s do not want engine oil adding anything to the process • Need for low SAPS oil • This issue is still not final

  20. Diesel Particulate Filters • DPF Function • Catch and hold exhaust particles for further processing; • Regeneration – soot and combustible fractions oxidized in the DPF • Maintenance – non-combustibles remain in the DPF and must be removed periodically

  21. 2007/2010 Emissions Technologies Reference: Peterbilt

  22. Diesel oxidation catalysts • Full flow units that act very much like an automotive catalytic converter. • Gases flow over a catalyst that burns contaminants and reduces them to CO2 and water. • Can be installed as muffler replacements because of smaller size.

  23. Lean NOx Adsorber Diesel Injector DOC LNA NOx Sensor Filter DOC Diesel Oxidation Catalyst Valves Bypass Reference: Volvo

  24. Kendall API CJ-4 • Kendall Super-D® XA (Exhaust Advantage) • Fully Licensed as API CJ-4/CI-4 Plus/ CI-4/CH-4/SM, SAE 15W-40 • Synthetic Blend, 0.98% Ash, TBN 9.6 • Backward Compatible, Useable with Diesel Fuel up to 500 PPM Sulfur (consult OEM) • CAT ECF-3, Cummins 20081, DDC 93K218, Mack EO-O, MB 228.3 Volvo VDS-4

  25. 76 API CJ-4 Products • Guardol ECT (Emissions Compatible Technology) • Fully Licensed as API CJ-4/CI-4 PLUS/ CI-4/CH-4/SM, SAE 15W-40 • Synthetic Blend, 0.98% Ash, TBN 9.6 • Backward Compatible, Useable with Diesel Fuel up to 500 PPM Sulfur (consult OEM) • CAT ECF-3, Cummins 20081, DDC 93K218, Mack EO-O, MB 228.3 Volvo VDS-4

  26. 76 API CJ-4 Products (con’t) • Fleet Supreme™ EC (Emissions Compatible) • Fully Licensed as API CJ-4/CI-4 PLUS/ CI-4/CH-4/SM, SAE 15W-40 • 0.97% Ash, TBN 8.0 • Backward Compatible, Useable with Diesel Fuel up to 500 PPM Sulfur (consult OEM) • CAT ECF-3, Cummins 20081, DDC 93K218, Mack EO-O, MB 228.3 Volvo VDS-4

  27. What is ACERT? • Two-stage turbocharging with electronically controlled wastegate • Pilot injection and possible multiple injection events • Some internal EGR from valve overlap • Exhaust oxidation catalyst Goal Is To Reduce Peak Combustion Chamber Temperatures and Therefore Reduce NOx Formation

  28. ACERT Technology for 2007 • Clean Gas Induction (CGI) • Draws inert gas from downstream of the DPF • DPFs will have active regeneration. Regeneration will only take place when needed. • “soot free” intake charge

  29. Low Pressure Turbocharger PCM Drivers High Pressure Turbocharger • Twin turbochargers

  30. C-13 Piston and Ring Pack Design

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