Network Trends In Telecommunications Industry

1. Network Trends In Telecommunications Industry By Virgilio Gonzalez For UTEP networking courses

2. Telecommunication Services • The “Service” is what the user perceives. • The Service has three major components • The Connectivity functions are the telecommunication applications like LD, 800, Internet, PL, etc. • The Billing involves all the elements needed to charge the customer and get the payment • The Customer Care elements are all the processes needed to activate and maintain the previous two components • The “Network” provides the technological infrastructure to support the services • The network simply moves user information form one point to another. • The network functions are • Network capabilities to support the different service types • Network capacity to handle all the customers • Systems to control everything and interact with billing and Customer Care Service Functions

3. CONNECTIVITY FUNCTIONS CUSTOMER CARE SERVICE PLANE BILLING NETWORK CAPACITY SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY PLANE NETWORK CAPABILITY Service vs. Technology • The network technologies provide capabilities and capacity to the services. The systems support the billing and customer care functions • The services have evolved with a high dependency on the underlying technology • However, there is a trend to make them independent of the networks

4. Connectivity, Billing & Customer Care MANAGEMENT SERVICE PLANE TECHNOLOGY PLANE Classic Model

5. Classic Model In the classic model, the user applications are tied to a class of service (voice, data, transport) Each class of service is supported by a specific network technology. The network technology is also tied to the customer access medium Future Model In the future the services will have an universal user interface supported by an universal class of network The user applications will be constructed through standardized interfaces to the universal user interface allowing flexible service construction and user customization The network access connectivity will have two major types, Wireless and Cabling Wireless access offers fast deployment but has restricted capacity Cabling through copper may reach small concentrated end users and fiber optics will offer the highest bandwidths to the larger ones. Telecommunication Services Evolution

6. Connectivity, Billing & Customer Care MANAGEMENT SERVICE PLANE TECHNOLOGY PLANE Future Model

7. Convergence Categories Services Attributes • One- way • Broadcast • Broadband • Nonswitched • Broadcast CATV • Enhanced pay per view • Video on demand • Interactive TV • Electronic content distribution • Interactive games • Video catalog • Distance learning • Desktop multimedia • Image networking • Work at home • Telecommuting • Video conferencing • Video telephony • ISDN • POTS Entertainment C A T V • Two-way • Asymmetric • Narrowband, wideband, • and broadband • Switched Information transaction L E C • Two-way • Symmetric • Narrowband and • wideband • Switched Communication

8. Competition “Every morning in Africa, a zebra wakes up. It knows that it must run faster than the fastest lion or it will be killed. Every morning a lion wakes up. It knows it must outrun the slowest zebra or it will starve to death. It doesn't matter whether you're a lion or a zebra. When the sun comes up, you better be running.”

9. Market Challenges • Changes in Legislation • Market de-regulation • Settlements • Correspondent Relationship • Globalization • Industry re-alignment • PTT, ISP, Cable, Data Warehousing, etc. • New Market Segments • New Entrants • Global Economy woes • Evolution from country specific bi-lateral agreements to Industry Multi-to Multilateral agreements. • New revenue Generating Services

10. Networks • Different technologies are involved in the communication systems • A Model is required to provide a functional structure to the system

11. Public vs. Private Networks

12. Local Area Networks • Created to share resources in computer environments • Grown in capacity from 100’s of kbps to 10 Gbps • Usually are managed by a single entity and has a small geographic reach

13. Core Network Core Network Mediation Service Metro - Access CPE Network Technology Conceptual View • Network philosophy structured in 4 levels • Core network is common for all services and mediation devices, its function is to provide: • Capacity • Restoration • Flexibility • Services are provided mostly by mediation devices such as: • 5ESS for voice services • Routers for Internet • Switches for Frame Relay • Metro - Access should provide integrated access to various mediation devices (services). • CPE (Customer Premise Equipment) belongs to the user but could be managed by the Telco adding value to the service already provided. • Services provided by one integrated network management

14. Network Structure Model SERVICE MEDIATION METRO ACCESS CORE LAST MILE CPE

15. Core Network Evolution • Core Network Features • Completely optical core network (DWDM and Optical Cross-Connects) • Capable of delivering up to a wave-length per service • Intelligence and restoration capabilities included in DWDM • Capable of supporting SDH/ATM/IP protocols

16. WAVELENGTH DIVISION MULTIPLEXING • Type of FDM but at optical frequencies • Operates in ~200nm bands at the 1300nm and 1550nm regions • Bands are typically restricted by amplifiers devices to ~25nm (1540-1565nm for EDFA) • Dense WDM currently allows spacing of 1nm between channels

17. ATM & SONET

18. Intelligent Service Control Logic SCP SCP Intelligent Peripheral STP STP Service Node Service Node INTERNET Other Networks Classic Transport Dedicated facilities IP/ATM ACCESS Telephone Switched Services • Newer access will be provided through data networks such as IP or ATM. • Interconnection to other networks and support of classic services could be provided through dedicated access and transport • A convergence of services will be provided with IP and other data services. The intelligence will exploit the advantages of both networks

19. WEB / Mail Servers Services Control Logic Dial-up Dial-up Data Services Network Evolution • Incorporate Internet and Frame Relay into one ATM core network providing integrated management/operation • Incorporate MPLS technology to the network providing the ability to better manage and operate IP services (dial-up, VPN’s, Internet) • Customer’s would dial to one integrated network for Frame Relay, VPN, Internet INTERNET

20. Metro Ring Network Evolution • Metro Ring Network Features • Wavelength Division Multiplexing as core layer • Network elements capable of communicating at SDH and ATM level • ATM will be responsible for delivering different services with QoS • Intelligence and restoration capabilities will be provided by SDH • ATM will include SDH functionality

21. ACCESS POP ACCESS POP ACCESS POP ACCESS METRO RING ATM/SDH OLT ACCESS POP ATM SW ATM SWITCH OLT xDSL OLT ACCESS COLLECT RING OLT xDSL ATM SW ATM SW OLT xDSL OLT xDSL xDSL xDSL OLT xDSL ATM SW Fiber Optic Wire Pair Wireline Access

22. 10.5 GHz Point To Multipoint Band nx64 to 2E1's Bandwidth / Link 6-10 Km Radius RF RF RF RF RF RF RF RF BASE BASE STATION STATION RF RF BASE Point to Point Radio STATION OLT Point to Point Radio ACCESS POP Point to Point Radio ACCESS METRO RING ATM/SDH OLT ACCESS POP ACCESS POP ACCESS POP 7, 15 and 23 GHz Point To Point Bands Fiber Optic 1xE1 to 63 xE1’s (E3, T3, & STM1) Bandwidth / Link 0.5 to 15 Km and 50 Km / Link Wireless Access, Point-to-Point and Point-to-Multipoint

23. Service Mgmt Network Mgmt Element Mgmt Network Element Management Layered Approach (TNM) • Business Management • Manage overall business, e.g., achieving ROI, market share, employee satisfaction • Service Management • Manage services offered to customers, e.g., meeting SLA’s, quality, costs. • Network and Systems Management • Manage the networks and systems that deliver services, e.g., capacity, diversity, congestion. • Element Management • Manage elements comprising the networks and systems e.g., switches, routers • Network Element • Switches, transmission elements, routers, etc.

24. TMN Layers Customer Care Systems Business Management Mktg./Sales Supt. BILLING Service Management Customer Service Maint. DELIVERY CAPACITY PLANNING NETWORK MANAGEMENT Network Management NETWORK MONITORING. Element Management DCN Network Elements Switch, Transport, Data Management Systems

25. Technology Challenges • Service Intelligence for integrated voice and data networks. • RAPID deployment • Adaptive Development to Region/country specific/ Market Segments needs • Customer Care, Network Care, and Billing integration. • Multi-lateral Network and Service Architecture • Interoperability, scalability, reliability & security • High cost of integration • Carrier Grade VoIP for voice, fax, conferencing, etc.