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N-Cycle

N-Cycle. Core Training Feb 9 th In-Service. N-Cycle. OM 2 OM Processes 2 N Processes 3 Sinks 4 losses 5 additions. Organic Matter. Central point of the Nitrogen Cycle In an acre furrow slice 1000 lbs N per 1% OM A continuous flow of N into and out of OM. Organic Matter Processes.

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N-Cycle

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  1. N-Cycle Core Training Feb 9th In-Service

  2. N-Cycle • OM • 2 OMProcesses • 2 N Processes • 3 Sinks • 4 losses • 5 additions

  3. Organic Matter • Central point of the Nitrogen Cycle • In an acre furrow slice 1000 lbs N per 1% OM • A continuous flow of N into and out of OM.

  4. Organic Matter Processes • Immobilization • NO3 and NH4 tied up into OM • Mineralization • OM decomposed into NO3 and NH4 • High Carbon (straw)= Immobilization • Low Nitrogen (alfalfa) = Mineralization

  5. Nitrogen Processes • Amminization and Ammonification • OM converted to NH4 • Nitrification • NH4 converter to NO3 • Ammonium + charge and Immobile • Nitrate – charge and mobile

  6. Nitrogen Sinks • Large Amounts of Nitrogen located in these pools. • Atmosphere : 78% N in the form of the diatomic gas N2 • Nitrate Pool • Microbial Sink

  7. 4 Losses • Leaching • NO3 – follows water flow. • Ammonia Volatilization • NH4 at a pH >7 H is stripped off and NH3 (gas) formed. • Denitrification • NO3 in waterlogged soil. Microbes strip O off • Plant Loss • NO3and NH4 converted to NH3 in plant, in stress NH3 gassed off.

  8. pH and Temp are Drivers

  9. Additions • Lightning and Rainfall • Biological N Fixation • Decomposition • Industrial Fixation • Fertilization

  10. Remember Organic Matter • Organic Matter is the Driver • Annual N need is determined by Mineralization and Immobilization • Environment, temp and rainfall, drives Mineralization and Immobilization

  11. Applications within The N-Cycle • Understanding Inhibitors • Urease and Nitrification • Fields had High N in October and N deficient by Dec.

  12. Definitions • Organic-N: N that is bound in organic material in the form of amino acids and proteins. • Mineral-N: N that is not bound in organic material, examples are ammonium and nitrate-N • Ammonia: A gaseous form of N (NH3). • Ammonium: A positively charged ion of N (NH4+). • Diatomical-N: N in the atmosphere (N2) • Nitrate-N: A negatively charged ion of N (NO3-). • Mineralization : The release of N in the inorganic form (ammonia) from organic bound N. As organic matter is decayed ammonia quickly reacts with soil water to form ammonium, thus the first measurable product of mineralization is • usually ammonium-N. • Immobilization: Assimilation of inorganic N (NH4+and NO3- ) by microorganisms. • Nitrification: Oxidation of ammonium N to nitrate N by autotrophic microorganisms in an aerobic environment. • Denitrification: Reduction of nitrate N to nitrous oxide (N2O) or diatomical N gases by heterotrophic microorganisms in an anaerobic environment. • Autotrophic: A broad class of microorganisms that obtains its energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds (or sunlight) and carbon from carbon dioxide. • Heterotrophic: A broad class of microorganisms that obtains its energy and carbon from preformed organic nutrients. • Volatilization: Loss of gaseous N from soil, usually after N has been transformed from ionic or non-gaseous chemical forms.

  13. Thank you!!! www.extensionnews.okstate.edu Brian Arnall 373 Ag Hall 405-744-1722 b.arnall@okstate.edu Presentation available @ www.npk.okstate.edu Twitter: @OSU_NPK YouTube Channel: OSUNPK

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