1 / 28

Chapter 10: Classifying Organisms

Chapter 10: Classifying Organisms. Taxonomy. Taxonomy The science of classifying organisms Provides universal names for organisms Provides a reference for identifying organisms Systematics or Phylogeny The study of the evolutionary history of organisms. Taxonomy.

jerome-parsons
Download Presentation

Chapter 10: Classifying Organisms

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 10: Classifying Organisms

  2. Taxonomy • Taxonomy • The science of classifying organisms • Provides universal names for organisms • Provides a reference for identifying organisms • Systematics or Phylogeny • The study of the evolutionary history of organisms

  3. Taxonomy • 1735 Plant and Animal Kingdoms • 1857 Bacteria & fungi put in the Plant Kingdom • 1866 Kingdom Protista proposed for bacteria, protozoa, algae, & fungi • 1937 "Prokaryote" introduced for cells "without a nucleus" • 1961 Prokaryote defined as cells in which nucleoplasm is not surrounded by a nuclear membrane • 1959 Kingdom Fungi • 1968 Kingdom Prokaryotae proposed • 1978 Two types of prokaryotic cells found

  4. The Three-Domain System Table 10.1

  5. The Three-Domain System Figure 10.1

  6. Table 10.2

  7. Endosymbiotic Theory Figure 10.2 Figure 10.3

  8. Scientific Names

  9. Taxonomic Hierarchy Figure 10.5

  10. Species Definition • Eukaryotic species: • A group of closely related organisms that breed among themselves • Prokaryotic species: • A population of cells with similar characteristics • Clone: Population of cells derived from a single cell • Strain: Genetically different cells within a clone • Viral species: • Population of viruses with similar characteristics that occupies a particular ecological niche

  11. Domain Eukarya • Animalia: Multicellular; no cell walls; chemoheterotrophic • Plantae: Multicellular; cellulose cell walls; usually photoautotrophic • Fungi: Unicellular or multicellular; cell walls of chitin; develop from spores or hyphal fragments • Protista: A catchall for eukaryotic organisms that do not fit other kingdoms

  12. Prokaryotes Figure 10.6

  13. References

  14. Identification Methods • Morphological characteristics: Useful for identifying eukaryotes • Differential staining: Gram staining, acid-fast staining • Biochemical tests: Determines presence of bacterial enzymes Figure 10.8

  15. Figure 10.7

  16. Numerical Identification Figure 10.9

  17. Serology • Combine known antiserum + unknown bacterium • Slide agglutination • ELISA • Western blot Figure 10.10

  18. Western Blot Figure 10.12

  19. Phage Typing Figure 10.13

  20. Flow Cytometry Uses • Differences in electrical conductivity between species • Fluorescence of some species • Cells selectively stained with antibody + fluorescent dye Figure 18.11

  21. Genetics • DNA base composition • Guanine + cytosine moles% (GC) • DNA fingerprinting • Electrophoresis of restriction enzyme digests • rRNA sequencing • Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Figure 10.14

  22. Nucleic Acid Hybridization Figure 10.15

  23. Nucleic Acid Hybridization: DNA probe Figure 10.16

  24. Nucleic Acid Hybridization: DNA chip Figure 10.17

  25. Figure 10.5

  26. Dichotomous Key

  27. Cladogram Figure 10.18.1

  28. Cladogram Figure 10.18.2

More Related