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Major Orders of Insects

Discover the characteristics of major insect orders like Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera, and more. From the armor-like exoskeletons of some to the delicate wings of others, learn about their diverse traits and mouthparts. Explore the unique features of butterflies, dragonflies, termites, and other intriguing insects. Find out how these insects play essential roles in different ecosystems, from pollination to indicator species for water quality. Uncover the fascinating details of their biology and behavior in this informative guide.

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Major Orders of Insects

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  1. Major Orders of Insects

  2. Coleoptera • “Sheath – winged” • 2 pairs of wings (front pair covers transparent back pair) • Heavy armored exoskeleton • Biting and chewing mouth parts

  3. Diptera: “Two-winged”

  4. Diptera: “Two-winged” • Flies & mosquitoes • Transparent front wings, hind wings reduced and help with balance • Heavy armored exoskeleton • Sucking, piercing, and lapping mouth parts

  5. Hymenoptera “Membrane winged”

  6. Hymenoptera – “Membrane winged” • Ants, bees, wasps • 2 pairs of transparent wings • Mobile head and well developed eyes • Chewing and sucking mouth parts

  7. Lepidoptera“Scale winged”

  8. Lepidoptera“Scale winged” • Butterflies & moths • 2 pairs of broad, scaly wings • Hairy bodies • Tubelike, sucking mouthparts

  9. Hemiptera “Half-winged”

  10. Hemiptera“Half-winged” • Giant water bugs, bed bugs • 2 pairs of wings or wingless • Piercing, sucking mouthparts • Scutellum • True bugs

  11. Orthoptera“Straight Winged”

  12. Orthoptera“Straight Winged” • Grasshoppers, crickets • 2 pairs of wings or wingless • Biting and chewing mouthparts in adults

  13. Odonata“Toothed”

  14. Odonata“Toothed” • Dragonflies & Damselfies • 2 pairs of transparent wings • Chewing mouthparts

  15. Isoptera“Equal winged”

  16. Isoptera“Equal winged” • Termites • 2 pairs of wings; some stages are wingless • Chewing mouthparts • Social insects w/division of labor

  17. Siphonaptera“Tube-wingless” • Fleas • Small & wingless • Flattened body • Piercing and sucking mouthparts • Jumping legs

  18. Ephemeroptera • Mayflies • Primitive insects; less numerous today due to outcompeting • Nymphs are aquatic and adults are aerial • Serve as water quality indicators

  19. Homopetera “Same winged” • Cicadas, aphids, scales, plant-leaf & treehoppers (or hoppers), spittlebugs • Plant eaters with piercing and sucking mouthparts Have 2 pairs of membraneous uniform wings or may lack wings entirely

  20. Dermaptera “skin winged” • Earwigs • Chewing mouthparts • Minor pest in homes and flowers • Narrow toughened body • Cerci in back hardened like forceps

  21. Thysanura “thysanos=fringe ura=tail “ • Bristletails and silverfish • Chewing mouthparts; no wings • Commonly found • in dorms, apartments and • basements of buildings, • especially near heating • systems (firebrats) or • areas of higher humidity • like bathrooms (silverfish). • Others outdoors

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