Unit 2: Chemical Interactions Chapter 8: Carbon Chemistry

1. Unit 2: Chemical InteractionsChapter 8: Carbon Chemistry Big Idea: Because of its ability to combine in many ways with itself & with other elements, carbon has a central role in the chemistry of living organisms

2. 4 Sections • Properties of Carbon • Carbon Compounds • Polymers & Composites • Life with Carbon Mrs. Lee - Ch 8

3. Sec 1: Properties of Carbon KEY CONCEPTS • Because of its ability to combine in many ways with itself & other elements, carbon has a central role in the chemistry of organisms • The 4 forms of the element carbon are: 1) diamond 2) graphite 3) fullerenes 4) nanotubes Mrs. Lee - Ch 8

4. Diamond Graphite Fullerene Nanotube Sec 1: Key Terms Mrs. Lee - Ch 8

5. Sec 2: Carbon Compounds KEY CONCEPTS • Many organic compounds have similar properties in terms of melting points, boiling points, odor, electrical conductivity, & solubility • Hydrocarbons mix poorly with water. Also, all hydrocarbons are flammable Mrs. Lee - Ch 8

6. Sec 2: Carbon Compounds (cont’d) • The carbon chains in a hydrocarbon ring may be straight, branched, or ring-shaped. In addition to forming a single bond, two carbon atoms can form a double bond or a triple bond • If just one atom of another element is substituted for a hydrogen atom in a hydrocarbon, a different compound is created Mrs. Lee - Ch 8

7. Sec 2: Carbon Compounds (cont’d) • Many esters have pleasant, fruity smells • Organic compounds can be linked together to build polymers with thousands or even millions of atoms Mrs. Lee - Ch 8

8. Organic compound Hydrocarbon Structural formula Isomer Saturated hydrocarbon Unsaturated hydrocarbon Substituted hydrocarbon Hydroxyl group Alcohol Organic acid Carboxyl group Ester Polymer Monomer Sec 2: Key Terms Mrs. Lee - Ch 8

9. Sec 3: Polymers & Composites KEY CONCEPTS • Polymers form when chemical bonds link large numbers of monomers in a repeating pattern • Many composite materials include one or more polymers • You can help reduce the amount of plastic waste by recycling Mrs. Lee - Ch 8

10. Protein Amino acid Plastic Composite Sec 3: Key Terms Mrs. Lee - Ch 8

11. Sec 4: Life with Carbon KEY CONCEPTS • The 4 classes of organic compounds required by living things are: 1) carbohydrates 2) proteins 3) lipids 4) nucleic acids • The energy released by breaking down starch allows the body to carry out its life functions Mrs. Lee - Ch 8

12. Sec 4: Life with Carbon (cont’d) • The body uses proteins from food to build & repair body parts & to regulate cell activities • Gram for gram, lipids release twice as much energy in your body as do carbohydrates • When living things reproduce, they pass DNA & the information it carries to the next generation • Organisms require water, vitamins, minerals, & salts to help support the functioning of large molecules Mrs. Lee - Ch 8

13. Carbohydrate Glucose Complex carbohydrate Starch Cellulose Lipid Fatty acid Cholesterol Nucleic acid DNA RNA Nucleotide Sec 4: Key Terms Mrs. Lee - Ch 8