Chapter 8 Unit 2

1. Chapter 8 Unit 2 The Skeletal System

2. Structure of the Bone • Skeletal system is made up of bone tissue • Bones have their own system of blood vessels and nerves which allow circulation to occur within the bone.

3. Components of bone change from conception to old age. • An embryo’s skeleton is made up of cartilage • In the 2nd/3rd month after conception, calcium deposits in the bone. • Calcium continues to deposit throughout life • This is why a small child’s bones are more flexible than the bones of a 30 year old. • The added calcium makes bones harder less flexible and more brittle. • A 60 year old may lose calcium in the bone and this makes the bones porous so that is beaks more easily

4. Functions of the Bone • Serve as a framework • Gives structure and support • Protects internal structures, such as brain and spinal cord. • Acts as a storage area for Calcium • Ca is used in the blood if the diet does not provide enough Ca • Produces blood cells • Red blood cells are produced in red bone marrow

5. 4 Types of bones • Long bones-bones that are longer that their width • humerous –radius –ulna –femur –tibia • Short Bones-length and width are nearly the same • Carpal and Tarsal (Wrist and ankle bones) • Flat bones-two layers of bone divided by narrow span • Skull –sternum –costals(ribs) –scapula(shoulder blade) • Irregular Bones-bones that do not fit into the shapes of the other three groups • Face –spine –hip

6. http://www.bio.psu.edu/people/faculty/strauss/anatomy/skel/skeletal.htmhttp://www.bio.psu.edu/people/faculty/strauss/anatomy/skel/skeletal.htm

7. Groups of bones • Divided into two groups • Axial Skeleton • Includes 80 bones • Include the skull, vertebrae, ribs and sternum • Appendicular Skeleton • Includes 126 bones • Arms, legs, hands, feet, pelvis

9. Joints • The point where two bones meet is a joint • Three groups-depends on movement they allow • Immovable joints • Cranium (suture joints) • Slightly moveable joints • Vertebral discs, symphysis pubis, sacroiliac jts. • Freely moveable joints • Shoulder, elbow wrist and finger, knee and ankle

10. Ligaments • Connect bone to bone and hold bones together

11. Types of Joints • Hinge A hinge joint allows extension and retraction of an appendage. • Saddle A saddle joint allows movement back and forth and up and down, but does not allow for rotation like a ball and socket joint. • Ball and Socket A ball and socket joint allows for radial movement in almost any direction. They are found in the hips and shoulders • Gliding In a gliding or plane joint bones slide past each other. Midcarpal and midtarsal joints are gliding joints

13. Common disorders of skeletal system Pg 153 153 in book

14. http://healbrokenbone.com/fractures.htm

15. I stubbed my phalange on the chair.Use your cranium to find the answer.I broke my humerus, but it's not funny.I scraped my patella when I fell off my bike.I was hit in the mandible by a fly.

16. I hurt my femur when I fell off the swing.Put your left tarsals in, put your left tarsals out...Mandible-breaker, the candy.Do the sternum stroke in swimming.Mandibles, the movie.Pass a chicken phalange and some turkey femurs.

18. http://www.klbschool.org.uk/interactive/science/skeleton.htm