ICT Implementation for Government Efficiency in Kenya

1. Presented by: Mark MusyokiMuli Jkuat Karen Campus Emerald student ambassadors for 2015

2. HOW ICT IMPLIMENTATION HAS ASSISTED THE GOVERNMENT OF KENYA • A government is a huge and complex organisation, whose operations and strategic focus could be greatly enhanced by the well focussed application of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) to support improvements in productivity, management effectiveness and ultimately, the quality of services offered to citizens. • Over the last five years, the Kenyan government has initiated some capital investment towards set up and installation of ICT infrastructure. • Funding for these investments is achieved through partnerships between the government and development partners. • The foreign funding component constitutes the largest percentage of this investment in terms of technology. • The government contribution is usually in the form of technical and support staff and facilities including buildings. • So far, the Government Information Technology Investment and Management Framework is connecting all ministries to the Internet under the Executive Network (Limo 2003). Continued…

3. HOW ICT IMPLIMENTATION HAS ASSISTED THE GOVERNMENT OF KENYA • The government is also connecting the ministries to run integrated information systems for example the Integrated Financial Management Information System (IFMIS) and the Integrated Personnel and Pensions Database (IPPD). • While developing countries may have similar characteristics, the Kenyan context presents various challenges that affect the successful implementation of ICT projects. Continued…

4. CHARACTARISTICS THAT THAT DEFINE KENYAN ICT ENVIROMENT • Most ICT projects are initially donor funded. • Some donations are made without prior consultation or carrying out a needs analysis by the recipient organization. • Operational/running costs are met by the government. Funding (capital and human resource requirements) ends with the project phase. • The budgets for ICT are inadequate but rising. • A lack of ICT policies and master plans to guide investment. To the extent that, with a number donors funding ICT, there have been multiple investments for the same product due to lack of coordination. • A focus on ICT applications that support traditional administrative and functional transactions rather than on effective information processing and distribution within and without government departments . • Unstable ICT resources. Continued…

5. CURRENT ICT INITIATIVES AND PROJECTS IN THE REPUBLIC OF KENYA There are a wide range of ICT Initiatives and projects on-going in Kenya includes; • Digital Inclusion Projects (Pasha Centres/Digital Villages, Wezesha Initiative) • Business Process Outsourcing/IT Enabled Services • Local Content Programmes (Tandaa Digital Content Grants, Open Data Portal) • Information Security • Konza Technology Park initiative • Zero-rated taxes on imported ICT hardware • eGovernment

6. DIGITAL INCLUSION PROJECTS; PASHA CENTRES(DIGITAL VILLAGES) In 2010, the government rolled out an initiative that will diffuse ICT know-how to the rural and marginalized areas to address regional disparities. • Entrepreneurs, who run Digital Villages, are awarded loans in a competitive process, which they repay over a period of time. • Pasha Centre's as the hubs are called, provide a host of services to the public via computers connected to the internet, or by using and marketing other ICT-enabled applications like digital cameras, printers, fax machines and other communication infrastructure. • These services include, but are not limited to e-mail, internet access, agency banking, e-banking, for example, money transfer services such as Posta Pay, eGovernment, for example, police abstract forms, tax returns, and driving license applications, ebusiness, for example, franchised postal and courier services, e-learning, e-health, e-markets, for example, exchange and e-monitoring, for instance, real-time local level monitoring of development funds and projects. Continued…

7. (Continued…DIGITAL INCLUSION PROJECTS) WEZESHA INITIATIVE • The Wezesha ('to enable' in Swahili) Laptop Initiative ran from December 2010 to September 2011 to provide a subsidy towards purchasing a laptop for registered university students. This laptop initiative was funded by the World Bank and implemented by the Kenya ICT Authority under the Kenya Transparency and Communications Infrastructure Project (TCIP), as part of a component to implement the Computers for the Communities Initiative.

8. BUSINESS PROCESS OUTSOURCING(BPO)/IT ENABLED SERVICES Outsourcing has been identified in the Vision 2030 as a key pillar and driver of social and economic improvement through job and wealth creation. • The government has developed a roadmap that will see Kenya take advantage of its unique geographical position and its well developed ICT human resource base to become the preferred destination for outsourcing in Africa. • The 2006 Kenya ICT Strategy and the Vision 2030 development print created the framework for Kenya to focus on global business process outsourcing as a way of generating jobs for young people and generating wealth for local entrepreneurs and INVESTORS. • Given the importance of the ICT industry for creating growth and generating opportunities in Kenya, especially among young people, and its growing contribution to GDP, the Government of Kenya is keen to take up a focused enterprise development initiative in close collaboration with the private sector.

9. LOCAL CONTENT PROGRAMME; TANDAA DIGITAL CONTENT GRANT Over 50% of Kenyans now have access to the internet, majority of whom access the internet through their mobile phone. As a result of this, the Government embarked on develop services and products to reach these millions of Kenyans through this new media. • The Tandaa Local Digital Content Grant was a grant to provide seed funding for companies entering new media and ICT, to support Internet and mobile phone product and service delivery. • Applicants were required to be Kenyan citizens over eighteen or companies/organisations registered in Kenya. Solutions could address rural or urban communities and awards can be granted from Private Sector Innovation or Government Data Applications. Continued…

10. (Continued…LOCAL CONTENT PROGRAMME) KENYA OPEN DATA • Kenya was the first developing country to have an open government data portal, the first in sub-Saharan Africa and second on the continent after Morocco. • The goal of opendata.go.ke is to make core government development, demographic, statistical and expenditure data available in a useful digital format for researchers, policymakers, ICT developers and the general public.

11. INFORMATION SECURITY • In order to address cyber security challenges at national level, the Ministry of Information, Communication and Technology in cooperation with the ICT Authority launched the National Cyber security Strategy 2014 in June 2014. • The Framework incorporates the National Cyber security Strategy, National Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) and the Kenya Computer Incidence Response Team, Coordination Centre (KE-CIRT/CC).

12. ICT HARDWARES • ICT hardware is a very important component of ICT infrastructure and a pre-requisite to any meaningful deployment of ICT services to the population. • Unfortunately, they have to be imported and until recently, imported hardware parts were not subject to any fiscal concessions. • Currently, the taxes on ICT hardware are largely zero-rated. Zero-rated taxes on ICTs are integral to the Government policy objective of universal access to affordable ICT services. • The Government has promised to set up National ICT Centres of Excellence to develop a critical mass of human resource required to support capacity for the industry.

13. KONZA TECHNOLOGY PARK As part of the Vision 2030 Flagship Programmes, the Government of Kenya through the Ministry of Information and Communication aims to set up a technology park at Konza. • The main objective of developing an ICT park is to enable to job creation as well as being an avenue to provide the necessary environment to attract INVESTMENT. • It is part of a wider scheme to position Kenya as the region's technology hub, using development to entice more companies to set up base in the country. • It is planned that the Tech city will host a BPO park, Science park, Convention centre, mega mall, hotels, international schools, world class hospitals, Championships Golf Course, Financial District, High Speed Mass Transportation and Integrated Infrastructure. • The park also aims to facilitate business activity within and outside the country, reinforce efficient linkages between the private and public sector, promote the acquisition and usage of ICT in the country and promote good ICT governance. Continued…

14. (Continuing…)KONZA TECHNOLOGY PARK • A Cabinet Committee of participating Ministries responsible for Water, Energy, Power and Lands was put in place by H.E. the President to fast track the development of Phase 1 that runs from 2014 to 2018. • The Government officially commissioned the Phase 1 infrastructure construction on 14 December 2014. • The first phase will involve construction of BPO Park, Science Park, Residential Buildings, data Centre and part of Central business District.  • The legal notice on the establishment of KonzaTechnopolis Development Authority (KOTDA) and the board were gazetted and operationalised.

15. eGOVERNMENT Some of the key online services available through the e-government initiative include: • Application of public service JOBS ONLINE • Tacking statutes of ID and passports •  Exam results and candidate selection • Submission of tax returns • Custom services • Reporting of Corruption • Business licensing e-registry

16. TECHNOLOGY USED IN EDUCATION KENET was established in 1999 as a membership institution for educational and research institutions to provide the National Research and Educational Network in Kenya and its vision was enacted in 2001. •  It is a not-for-profit Trust with seven registered Trustees (five Vice Chancellors, PS Education, DG CCK) and is governed by a Board of Trustees assisted by a Management Board. • It is currently housed within the Library of the University of Nairobi, with a data centre in the University of Nairobi and a mirror data centre in the United States International University. • It provides cost-effective Internet connectivity to its member institutions. There are 115 campuses across Kenya. All universities and university colleges are connected to KENET except Mount Kenya University. • This critical mass allows KENET to have the necessary purchasing power to get value for money on behalf of its members. Continued…

17. (Continuing…)KENET • KENET is managing the largest IP network in Kenya. It is responsible for all nodes and it provides the bandwidth to the gate of the campus. • KENET provides hands on training for one year and can also provide certification. • There is an equipment node in each University and KENET has empowered technical staff within each university to take responsibility for maintenance of the local area network. • It is currently working with the campuses to enable Wireless Infrastructure. It is estimated that there are currently 250,000 students across the country. The wireless networks in the campuses are being designed to support up to 5,000 concurrent users. • The network was built in cooperation with Government INVESTMENTS and the Government of Kenya has provided funds for necessary equipment. The Kenya ICT Authority (previously Kenya ICT Board) procures equipment and hand it over in trust to KENET, who insures it and negotiates with HEIs for the space to install the equipment.  Continued…

18. (Continued…)KENET • Each member institution pays a fee for connectivity based on the capacity required. • KENET has a small infrastructure grant from Google and works with the Google Cash community aggregating traffic Google App-s supporting Programs (GASP) are also available. • KENET supports research and innovation champions through sponsorships to participate in international conferences and workshops and collaboration research through mini-grants.

19. SKILLS PROGRAMMING In terms of Skills Programs, Kenya ICT Authority is working with Carnegie Mellon University in relation to the Chipuka Software Development Certification, which tests the ability of developers to write and execute code based on skills used in IT companies. • This project aims to train 500 developers per year. • During 2014 two batches of ICT start-ups were incubated with a target to incubate at least 30 start-ups across Kenya by 2016.

20. LAPTOP PROGRAMS FOR PRIMARY SCHOOLS The Government of Kenya plans to roll-out a laptop programme estimated to cost KES. 53 billion spread over the next three years. The programme will include infrastructure (energy, security and connectivity), devices, content and building capacity of teachers.  Two specialised units have been created: • The ICT for Education (ICT4E) to spearhead the pedagogical use of ICT. • The National ICT innovation and Integration Centre is to carry out the testing of technical solutions submitted for consideration by firms in order to establish their appropriateness and use in curriculum delivery.

21. HOW M-PESA HAS ASSISTED IN MOBILE BANKING The adoption of mobile phones has occurred at perhaps the fastest rate and to the deepest level of any consumer‐level technology . Reasons why mobile phone technology has spread quickly is that it has followed other technologies that may have eased the way. • Mobile payment systems have also been developed in other developing countries like Kenya and have facilitated mobile phone‐based transactions through the formal banking system like M-pesa. • Safaricom, which began operations in 1997, is currently the largest mobile phone operator in Kenya, controling nearly 80 percent of the market, ahead of its two nearest rivals (Zain and Orange). Continued…

22. MOBILE BANKING SERVICES Banks and financial institutions must embrace technology to increase speed of transactions, give clients more flexibility and reduce costs of doing business. M-PESA Mobile Banking Service has provided these key benefits to banks and other financial institutions. The main difference between M-PESA and banks is that M-PESA does not gain, nor pass on to customers, any interest earned on the money held in the accounts. M-PESA only facilitates money movement. The key benefits of M-PESA Mobile Banking are: • High transaction limits to keep businesses running • Transactions can be done after normal banking hours

23. THE INFLUENCE OF ELECTRONIC RESOUCES USE ON STUDENTS READING CULTURE IN KENYA E-resources is the electronic representation of information. There are available in various forms like e-books, digital libraries, online journal magazine, e-learning tutors and on line tests. • Because of the effective presentation with multimedia tools, these e-resources have become the source of information. • Electronic resources delivers the collection of information as full text databases, e-journals, image collections, multimedia in the form of CD, tape, internet, web technology. • It needs noting that emergence of electronic information resources has tremendously transformed information handling and management in Kenyan academic environments and University libraries. Continued…

24. READING CULTURE, ICT SKILLS AND E-RESOURCES ON USERS IN KENYAN UNIVERSITIES Reading culture and ICT skills to search for e resources are very important for Kenyan university students. The Internet has channels of communication that can improve your reading culture. It can: • Facilitate information access • Enhance study/reading habits • Accelerate academic success by making information easily available • Improve managerial and professional skills Continued…

25. FACTORS HINDERING EFFECTIVE USE OF E-RESOUCES IN KENYAN UNIVERSITIES Although the introduction of these electronic resources and services is a welcome development to the information profession their use by the library patrons poses some challenges and concerns. • Lack of constant power supply. • Slow internet access • Lack of consistent training for users in new ICT services. • Insufficient number of terminals available for use despite high demand and in adequate electricity supply. • Lack of information retrieval skills for exploiting electronic resources, thus making the level of usage of resources by students is very low. • High cost of hardware, software and particularly internet service providers were significant barriers to the provision of electronic resources.

26. EMERALD MOBILE PAIRING • Involves remote access on mobile devices via generated code. • If you are able to access content on www.emeraldinsight.com as a member of a subscribing institution, you can extend this access to your mobile device by pairing it to the institution – enabling you to take your research off-campus. Continued…

27. EXAMPLES OF COMPATIBLE DEVICES • iPhone, iPad, iPod Touch (using iOS: 6.1 and later, and the Chrome or default Safari browsers) • Android phone (using Android: 2.3 and later, and the Chrome or default Android browsers) • Android tablet (using Android: 2.3 and later, and the Chrome browser) Continued…

28. AUTOMATIC PAIRING If your mobile device is connected to the internet via your institution’s wireless network, when you log in to your personal profile your device is paired to the institution automatically. Steps include: • Log into your profile on the mobile device, and to check if your device is paired, go to the ‘My Account’ Note that for this to work the wireless network needs to be on the same IP range as used to grant access to the institution. If automatic pairing does not work you have the option to pair it explicitly Continued…

29. EXPLICIT PAIRING Visit www.emeraldinsight.com while authenticated as a member of the subscribing institution. Steps include: • Log into the full website using one of the institution’s computers or network connections. • Click the ‘Mobile Pairing’ link at the top right of the page. • If you are not logged into your user account then you will be prompted to login. However, if you do not have a user account, then click on ‘Register’ to create an account. • Once you have logged in you will see the screen below with the case sensitive pairing code. Note that your pairing code will expire if it is not used on the mobile device within 5 minutes • A confirmation screen will show successful pairing. You will now have access to the institutional subscription through your mobile device using Wi-Fi or 3G services away from the institution.

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