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Aim: How did the major Greek philosophers differ in their views?

Aim: How did the major Greek philosophers differ in their views? . Do Now: What did Greek philosophers believe about human reason? Why was this a groundbreaking idea? Who were the Sophists? How were their opinions different from those of the philosophers? . I. Plato (428 B.C. – 347 B.C.) .

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Aim: How did the major Greek philosophers differ in their views?

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  1. Aim: How did the major Greek philosophers differ in their views? • Do Now: • What did Greek philosophers believe about human reason? Why was this a groundbreaking idea? • Who were the Sophists? How were their opinions different from those of the philosophers?

  2. I. Plato (428 B.C. – 347 B.C.) • Student of Socrates, opens “The Academy” (1st university in history) to continue Socrates search for wisdom • Views about reality → Theory of Ideal Forms. There is a higher reality than what human beings can perceive through observation and the senses (“The Allegory of the Cave”).

  3. Allegory of the Cave In this story, who do the prisoners in the cave represent? Who does the freed prisoner represent? Do you think the freed prisoner will be successful in convincing the other prisoners of their ignorance? What does this tell us about human nature? How can you become a person who actually understands the higher reality that most people can’t see?

  4. I. Plato (428 B.C. – 347 B.C.) C. Views on Government → Rejected Democracy! Wrote The Republic (his ideal government). 1. Philosopher-kings: Rely on their wisdom to make decisions for the common good 2. Warriors: Rely on strength and courage 3. Masses: Rely on their passions and desires

  5. II. Aristotle (384 B.C. – 322 B.C.) • Student of Plato • Rejected the theory of ideal forms. Believed you should gain knowledge by making hypotheses and then testing those hypotheses through observation, experimentation and classifying information.

  6. II. Aristotle (384 B.C. – 322 B.C.) C. Views on Government → Studied existing governments in his book Politics (did not try to come up with an ideal one). The three he found to be best were: 1. Monarchy 2. Aristocracy 3. Constitutional Democracy

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