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Mediterranean Society: The Greek Phase

Mediterranean Society: The Greek Phase. Early "Bronze Age". 3000 - 1400 BCE. The “Bronze” Age Mediterranean Region. Bronze Age Greece. The Minoans. 2200 - 1100 BCE. The Minoan World: mid-2M B.C.E. Early Development of Greek Society. Minoan Society Island of Crete Major city: Knossos

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Mediterranean Society: The Greek Phase

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  1. Mediterranean Society: The Greek Phase

  2. Early "Bronze Age" 3000 - 1400 BCE

  3. The “Bronze” Age Mediterranean Region

  4. Bronze Age Greece

  5. The Minoans 2200 - 1100 BCE

  6. The Minoan World: mid-2M B.C.E.

  7. Early Development of Greek Society Minoan Society Island of Crete Major city: Knossos C. 2200 BCE center of maritime trade Scholars unable to decipher Linear A script 7

  8. Artist’s Recreation of Knossos

  9. Aerial View of Knossos

  10. Palace of King Minos – North Entrance

  11. Palace of King Minos – Throne Room

  12. Minoan Ladies

  13. Early GreekGeometrics

  14. Palace of King Minos - Interiors

  15. Knossos: Minoan Civilization

  16. Minoan Civilization

  17. Decline of Minoan Society Series of natural disasters after 1700 BCE Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tidal waves Foreign invasions Foreign domination by 1100 BCE 17

  18. The Mycenaeans 2200 - 800 BCE

  19. The Mycenaean World: mid-2M B.C.E.

  20. Mycenaean Society Indo-European invaders descend through Balkans into Peloponnesus, c. 2200 BCE Influenced by Minoan culture Major settlement: Mycenae Military expansion throughout region 20

  21. Aerial View of Mycenae

  22. Mycenae Citadel & Reconstuction

  23. Lion’s Gate Entrance to Mycenae

  24. Approach to the Lion’s Gate

  25. Mycenaean Writing System Gained From the Minoans

  26. The Trojan War mid-12c BCE

  27. Bronze Age Enemies: The Trojan War

  28. Homer, the Blind Poet

  29. Homer’s Great Epics

  30. Chaos in the Eastern Mediterranean Trojan war, c. 1200 BCE Homer’s The Iliad Sequel: The Odyssey Political turmoil, chaos from 1100 to 800 BCE Mycenaean civilization disappears 30

  31. Plan of the City of Troy

  32. The Mask of Agamemnon In 1870, German archaeologist Heinrich Schliemann excavated a site in this area which he identified as Troy; this claim is nowadays accepted by most scholars as evidence for the battle.

  33. Original Wall of the City of Troy

  34. Triumphant Achilles dragging Hector's lifeless body in front of the Gates of Troy, 1892

  35. The Greek "Dark Ages" 1100 - 750 BCE

  36. Migrations in the Aegean Region (DORIANS}

  37. "Hellenic" (Classical) Greece: 800 BCE - 323 BCE

  38. Greek & Phoenician Colonization: 750-500 BCE

  39. The Polis City-state Urban center, dominating surrounding rural areas Highly independent character Monarchies “Tyrannies”, not necessarily oppressive Early Democracies 39

  40. The Rise of the Greek Polis Eboea Syracuse Athens Larissa Naxos Corinth

  41. The Athens Acropolis Today

  42. The Parthenon

  43. The Agora

  44. One’s polis gave a sense of identity and each individual believed they owed loyalty to their polis. Greeks shared: A common language. The belief that all non-Greek speakers are barbarians. Religion. The Olympics. Common non-Greek enemies. Greek Commonalities

  45. Until the 8th century BCE, the government of Greece was a monarchy, with each polis having its own kings. The kings were overthrown by aristocrats, or “best men”, who held power due to their economic supremacy due to owning most of the land. Greek Government

  46. By the 7th century BCE, tyrants, or ones who seize power illegally with the people’s support, overthrew the aristocracy. They formed an oligarchy, which is government run by a small powerful business class elite. In 621 BCE, archon (Greek for ruler) Draco created Athens first written laws. The laws were harsh and severe with the death penalty given for even minor offences. In 594 BCE, archon Solon outlawed slavery for debt and freed people who had become slaves to pay debts were freed. He began a foundation of equality that would soon bring democracy. Greek Government

  47. Sparta Highly militarized society Subjugated peoples: helots Serfs, tied to land Outnumbered Spartans 10:1 by 6th c. BCE Military society developed to control threat of rebellion Austerity the norm 48

  48. Spartan Hierarchy

  49. Two hereditary kings. A Council of Elders: 28 male wealthy aristocratic citizens over the age of 60. Proposed laws and headed criminal court. Assembly of all men over 30. Accepted or rejected proposed laws. The five ephors: oversaw kings and Spartan education. Spartan Government

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