AGROFORESTRY AND SUSTAINABLE VEGETABLE PRODUCTION IN SOUTH EAST ASIAN WATERSHEDS

1. AGROFORESTRY AND SUSTAINABLE VEGETABLE PRODUCTION IN SOUTH EAST ASIAN WATERSHEDS Facilitating Women's Participation TRIKOESOEMANINGTYAS HERIEN PUSPITAWATI

2. Introduction Vegetable Agroforestry System • Aleviate poverty • Aleviate food scarcity • Reduce environmental degradation of watersheds

3. Importance of women in small scale farms Lack in participation Lack in access to the benefits socio cultural constraints time and mobility constraints Needs gender-sensitive project planning T M P E G S

4. Objective 5 : Gender • to ensure women involvement in decision making • to ensure women participation in VAF production and marketing training • Involvement in women farmers' or marketing association Gender Sensitive Project Planning and Implementation

5. FY-1 –FY 2: Gender Analysis 1. Gender baseline survey • activity profile • access and control of resources • decision making profile • local wisdom 2. Focus Group Discussion Women's collective views on • adoption indigenous vegetable production • pariticipation in trainings • organization of women in production and marketing • groups/association (June 2007)

6. 1. Assesment on Baseline Data Gender Specific Needs: • - Based on surveys on women perception of problems • Women practical needs are more dominant • Gender Practical Needs • Financial difficulties (73.2%) • Food provision (48.6%) • Health care (50.3 %) • Gender Strategic Interests • - low participation in organization (76.5%) • - low competency (68.5%)

7. Access and Control Profile gender differences exist in access and control over lands and production inputs • Land : • - only 13.8% of women have access to land and only • 13.1 have control over land (linked to access to credit) b. Production inputs - only 12.9 % women have access to credits and fewer (3.3%) have access or control over production inputs and technologies

8. c. Marketing - Only 1.6 % of women have access and control the postharvest technologies, - But more (12.6%) have access and control over marketing d. Organization and trainings - 9.1 % of women have access to organization - 14.5 % of women have access to training

9. Gender role in Decision Making • Gender differences in decision making • Men are dominant in farm financial planning • and expenditures • Women are dominant in family financial decision making • Women are motivated to learn about managing family • finance (40.2%) , • Only 11.2% are motivated to learn about farm • financial management (11.2%) • Both women and men involve in the decision on what • commodity to plant (34%) and utilization of home garden • (26.1%)

10. Copping Stategies • Men : - 44% finds extra jobs - 5.5 % ask wife to work Women : - 79.4 % reduce food expenses - 42.2 % reduce health care expenses - 36. 9% reduce education expenses

11. Activity Profile a. Reproductive role - Women allocated more time for domestic works (4 - 10 hr/day) b. productive role - Women allocated only less than 4 hours for agriculture production. - Women who work in ricefields allocate more time and who work in dry land farming allocate less time.

12. c. Community roles • Women involvement in community works and organization is limited. • 95.1 % involves in religous meeting (majlis taklim) • 33.3% involves in volunteer works (health and education)

13. Local Wisdom • Local wisdoms (norm, beliefs) leading to gender • differences a. Men • able to work and provide for the family (40.4 %) • responsible to family welfare (16.9 %) b. Women • obidience to husband (36.6%) • able to do domestic chores (14.8 %)

14. Gender Issues Related to Strategic Objectives SO 1 : Involvement of women in decision process Women participate in decision on type of commodity to plant (34.4%) Women have little role in decision in farming activiies 10.2 % in financial planning 9.3 % in purchase of production input Men dominate in decision on the utilization of home garden (47.4%)

15. SO2 : participation in production and marketing • Women involvement in non-rice based farming is limited (9.6- 12.1%) • Women have little access and control over resources • 13.0% have access over land • 12.9% have access over credit • 3.3 % have access over production inputs and labour • Most women (83.6%) do not consider marketing farm • produce as their concern. • 12 % have access and control over marketing

16. Constraints for Women Participation in VAF system • Gender Strategic Needs • - low participation in organization (76.5%) • - low competency/skills (68.5%) Socio-cultural Constraints • No specific cultural constraint for women to participate • Norm and values emphasize on women reproductive • and domestic roles • Little involvement in decision making • Copping strategies do not involve income generating

17. Time and Mobility Constraints • women do not have time constraint to participate • Women have mobility constraint due to lack of transportation and distance

18. 2. Focus Group Discussion Objectives : • To obtain women's collective views on indigenous vegetables in VAF system • To obtain women's views on mechanism to ensure women participation in trainings • To provide information on values and utilization of indigenous vegetables

19. The Participants : • Women farmers • Health care volunteer workers (kader posyandu) • Representatives of women organization (PKK) • Women with young children 30 Women from Hambaro village

20. 1 Women Views indigenous vegetable in VAF system • All women are familiar with the indigenous vegetables • Most have cultivate leafy vegetables (kangkung, katuk) • Most consider leafy vegetable more marketable • Most consider Honje and Tebu Trubuk less marketable • Most likely to plant leafy vegetables • Most would like to adopt the pratice but unsure of marketing

21. women's views on mechanism to ensure women participation in trainings • Most women would like to participate in trainings • Training should be done on days when there is no meeting at majlis taklim (local specific) • Distance to training place is a major concern (cost of transportation ) • Most would like to have training on family fanancial management

22. Participants in visit the trials before the meeting

23. Values and utilization of indigenous vegetables

24. Values and Utilization of Indigenous Vegetables • Nutritional values of indigenous vegetables • Medicinal properties of some indigenous vegetables • Tips on storage of fresh vegetables • Tips on processing fresh vegetables

25. The Cooking Class

26. Next in Schedule • Studies on dynamics of Women Organization • Formulation of recommendation of gender sensitive planning • Training on family financial management and copping strategies • Materials for gender awareness training

27. Proposal for Expansion of Activities Practical needs still dominates Linked between practical needs and strategic interests Needs for agriculture based empowerment of women and families Intervention in developing training for farm families Intervention at institutional level (scheem of credits, regulations)

28. Participating Scientists : • Trikoesoemaningtyas • (Dept. Agronomy Horticulture, • Faculty of Agriculture, IPB) • Herien Puspitawati • (Dept. Family and Consumers Sciences, • Faculty of Human Ecology, IPB) Student Involvement : 1 Doctorate student 3 undergraduate students