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STRATEGIES OF RESISTANCE TO STATE INFLUENCE IN MARAE MANAGEMENT

STRATEGIES OF RESISTANCE TO STATE INFLUENCE IN MARAE MANAGEMENT. Reconciling Tensions Between Community Self-Determination And State Authority. What is the nature of the state’s influence on marae? How do marae strengthen their rangatiratanga in light of this influence?. STATE AUTHORITY.

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STRATEGIES OF RESISTANCE TO STATE INFLUENCE IN MARAE MANAGEMENT

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  1. STRATEGIES OF RESISTANCE TO STATE INFLUENCE IN MARAE MANAGEMENT Reconciling Tensions BetweenCommunity Self-DeterminationAnd State Authority

  2. What is the nature of the state’s influence on marae?How do marae strengthen their rangatiratanga in light of this influence?

  3. STATE AUTHORITY STATE LEGISLATION MAORI LAND COURT TRUSTEES MARAE

  4. COMMUNITY AUTHORITY THE COMMUNITY MARAE COMMITTEE EXECUTIVE

  5. TWO AUTHORITIES FOR MARAE STATE LEGISLATION THE COMMUNITY MAORI LAND COURT MARAE COMMITTEE TRUSTEES EXECUTIVE MARAE

  6. SOME DEFINITIONS OF MARAE • Physical complex • Complex with a meeting house and marae atea • Community gathering place • Place for cultural expression • Community centre • Village • Sanctuary

  7. A MARAE ISA SYMBOLIC OR PHYSICALHOME FOR AKIN-BASED GROUP

  8. Land Community Whare

  9. NATIONAL SURVEY OF MARAE1997 • 1031 active marae identified nationwide • 877 participated in the survey • 72% registered under Te Ture Whenua (Maori Land) Act

  10. A MAORI RESERVATION IS … • A block of land … • Held in trust … • For a specific purpose (eg marae) … • For the benefit of a specified group of people (eg a named hapu or iwi)

  11. LEGISLATION FOR RESERVATIONS • Te Ture Whenua Maori Act 1993 • Maori Reservations Regulations 1994 Administered by the Maori Land Court

  12. MAORI RESERVATIONS

  13. MAIN MANAGEMENT GROUPS • Of the 877 marae surveyed • 44% had a current trustees committee • 54% had a marae committee

  14. MARAE COMMITTEE COMPRISES … Members of the marae community and the marae executive who are at the marae committee hui

  15. FUNCTION OF THE MARAE COMMITTEE • Day-to-day care of the marae • Administration • Wider community involvement • Development project planning

  16. TRUSTEES Court appointed Hierarchy of authority Fixed duties governed by rules Authority to give commands MARAE COMMITTEE Community membership Hui Kaumatua Kawa Consensus decisionmaking COMMITTEE AUTHORITY

  17. OPTIONS FOR RECONCILING AUTHORITY • Replace the marae committee with the trustees committee • Make a version of the marae committee a sub-committee of the trustees

  18. RETAINING RANGATIRATANGA • Link trustees committee to the paepae

  19. RETAINING RANGATIRATANGA • Link trustees committee to the paepae • The community handles problems

  20. REINFORCING RANGATIRATANGA • Link trustees committee to the paepae • The community handles problems

  21. REINFORCING RANGATIRATANGA • Link trustees committee to the paepae • The community handles problems • Restrict trustees sphere of influence

  22. REINFORCING RANGATIRATANGA • Link trustees committee to the paepae • The community handles problems • Restrict trustees sphere of influence • Trustees and marae committee have a perceived hierarchical role

  23. REINFORCING RANGATIRATANGA • Link trustees committee to the paepae • The community handles problems • Restrict trustees sphere of influence • Trustees and marae committee have a perceived hierarchical role • Use marae executive as a bridging committee

  24. TRUSTEES’ POWERS • Authorize activities • Issue permits • Call administration meetings • Make appointments and employ advisers • Apply to the Court for directions

  25. TRUSTEES A formal process of: Written applications Meeting to grant/decline AUTHORIZATION PROCESS FOR ACTIVITIES • MARAE COMMITTEE • Logistical consideration at marae committee hui RECONCILIATION: The marae committee approves activities; the trustees can access the marae committee’s records.

  26. TRUSTEES Held when necessary Requires a quorum Decision by majority vote of trustees Record in minute book ORGANIZING MEETINGS • MARAE COMMITTEE • Held monthly • Proceeds with whoever is in attendance • Decisions by consensus • Record in minute book RECONCILIATION: Each committee holds separate meetings with trustees meetings following the regulations. Each handles different issues.

  27. TRUSTEES Formal process not required Decisions by majority vote APPOINTMENTS • MARAE COMMITTEE • Nominations process • Election process for trustees and executive RECONCILIATION: The marae committee appoints administrative officials based on a three-year term of office and using AGM procedures set out in the Regulations.

  28. HIERARCHY OF AUTHORITY Marae Community Marae Committee Marae Executive Trustees Maori Land Court

  29. HIERARCHY OF AUTHORITY Maori Land Court Trustees Marae Committee Marae Executive Marae Community

  30. OTHER RESERVATIONS REGULATIONS • Prepare a charter • Display permanent notices • Procedures for official complaints to the Court

  31. OTHER RESERVATIONS REGULATIONS • Prepare a charter • Display permanent notices • Procedures for official complaints to the Court

  32. OTHER RESERVATIONS REGULATIONS • Prepare a charter • Display permanent notices • Procedures for official complaints to the Court

  33. OTHER RESERVATIONS REGULATIONS • Prepare a charter • Display permanent notices • Procedures for official complaints to the Court

  34. What is the nature of the state’s influence on marae?

  35. A TRANSITION PHASE FROM TRADITIONAL TO MODERN • Community groups & court appointed committees • Hui & meetings • Kaumatua leadership & official authority • Kawa & bureaucratic procedures • Consensus & majority vote decisionmaking

  36. How do marae strengthen their rangatiratanga in light of this influence?

  37. RESISTANCE TO EROSION OF RANGATIRATANGA • Existing marae committees • The paepae and trustees committee link • Community problemsolving • Restricting the trustees sphere of influence • Perceived hierarchical management structure • Marae executive as a bridging committee

  38. Stand on the back of the Turtle, our mother, and look at the land and wonder what it would have been like if Columbus would have been successful in his pursuit of India and avoided the eastern shore of this continent. Wipe your Indian hands on your Levi jeans, get into your Toyota pick-up. Throw in a tape of Mozart, Led Zeppelin or ceremonial Sioux songs; then throw your head back and laugh - you are a survivor of a colonized people. Paint what you see, sculpt what you feel, and stay amused. George Longfish

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