Moving towards a divided Country

1. Moving towards a divided Country Chapter 10

2. Northwest Ordinance of 1787 Slavery forbidden in Northwest Territory , north of Ohio River. Created laws to discourage blacks from moving. Pickney Treaty of 1795 Spain receives Florida and land south of 31 parallel Must protect American citizens Adams-Onis Treaty Result of Andrew Jackson’s invasion of Florida to protect Americans from Seminole Attacks. America receives Florida and Pacific Northwest. Spain receives Texas and Southwest US. AKA Transcontinental Treaty Treaty of 1846 Signed with Great Britain to split territory at 49 parallel. Treaties

3. Important Court Cases • McCollough v. Maryland 1819 • National government could charter a National bank because the Constitution gave Feds right “to make all laws necessary and proper” in governing. • Implied powers & Fed governs State. • Dartmouth College v. Woodward 1819 • Contracts legal and state’s could not interfere • Gibbons v. Ogden 1824 • Feds could regulate interstate trade • Scott v. Sanford 1857 • Scott sued for freedom stating that he had lived in areas where slavery was illegal. • SC found in favor of Sanford stating that property had no rights to sue and Congress had no power to legislate slavery.

4. Nationalism • Rush-Bagot Treaty of 1817 • Limited number of warships by British and American govts. In Great Lakes region. • Agreed to expand 49 parallel border across US. • Monroe Doctrine • US would not interfere with foreign disputes. • US would recognize all present colonies in Western Hemisphere. • US would not permit further colonization of Western hemisphere. • Control of any colony by Europe would be viewed as an act of war.

5. Won Battle of New Orleans and saved Floridians. Election of 1824 Jackson won majority of popular votes. No candidate won the electoral college. Clay swayed HR to support John Quincy Adams. Jacksonian Democrats Believed in limited govt. Became President in 1828. Spoils System Originally called patronage where elected officials give jobs to friends and supporters Tarriff of Abominations High tariff on imports favored North over South. South Carolina believed they had the right to nullify laws made without authority and would secede if not changed. Force Bill passed in 1833 to make South Carolina enforce tariff. Crisis ended when tariffs reduced Andrew Jackson

6. Andrew Jackson • 1830 Indian Relocation Act • Exchanged land from the Louisana Purchanse for Indian land in the East. • Removed 100,000 Indians from 100 Million acres to 32 million acres in Oklahoma. • Trail of Tears • 116 day journey by Cherokees forcibly removed from land. • 1 in 4 Cherokees died • National Bank • Charter for National bank was up in 1932, Congress supported but vetoed by Jackson. • Birth of distinct two party system.

7. 1800 Philosophy • Transcendetalism • Rejected traditional religion. • Spiritual discovery and insight would lead a person to truths more profound than could be reached through reason. • Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry Thoreau • Manifest Destiny • Belief that Americans should possess the entire continent. • Reform movement • Temperance Movement • Elimination of all alcohol. • 1851 Maine becomes first state to ban alcohol sales and consumption.

8. Won Independence from Mexico in 1836. Asked to be annexed to US. Mexican War 1846 Fought over land south of Rio Grande river. Declares war in 1846. Supporters fought in California area develop flag with a grizzly bear mascot 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Ended Mexican War. Mexico gave up Texas and border at Rio Grande. Mexico gave up New Mexico and California. US paid Mexico 15 million for these territories. 1853 Gadsen Purchase US bought Southern New Mexico and Arizona from Mexico for 10 million. Texas

9. 1846 Wilmot Proviso Argued that no slavery would be allowed in any territory aquired from Mexico. Violation of Missouri Compromise. Compromise of 1850 California admitted as a free state. New Mexico and Utah decide by people. Congress abolish sale of slaves, not slavery in Washington DC. Texas gives up claims to New Mexico for 10 million. Fugitive Slave Law Kansas-Nebraska Act Two new territories created and popular sovereinty would be allowed. Called for citizens to make choice to whether they are free or slave state. Both states lie above Mason-Dixon Line created by Missouri Compromise. Caused abolishionists to send supporters to Kansas to help stop vote in favor of slavery. Slavery Issues

10. Abraham Lincoln • Lincoln viewed Federal government as not having right to decide slavery issues. He also did not believe that a few people should be able to deny rights to others. • Election of 1860 • Southern Democrats chose John Brekenridge • Northern Democrats chose Stephen Douglas • Southern Republicans chose John Bell from TN. • Northern Republicans chose Abraham Lincoln. • Lincoln won election without winning a single electoral vote from southern states and capturing less than 39% of popular vote

11. North v. South • 1852 Uncle Tom’s Cabin published which was seen as unfair to Southerners. • 1860 110,000 factories in North compared to 20,000 in South. • North produced 1.6 billion in goods compared 155 million. • North population doubled South’s. • 1860 North had 70% of Nations railroads. • Telegraph developed by Samuel Morse in 1844 widely used in North.