El subjuntivo en las cláusulas adverbiales

1. El subjuntivo en lascláusulasadverbiales ImaginaLección 6.1

2. In Spanish, adverbial clauses are commonly introduced by conjunctions. • Certain conjunctions require the subjunctive. • Others can be followed by the subjunctive or the indicative, depending on the context. • An adverbial clause… • modifies or describes verbs, adjectives or other adverbs • describes how, why or where an action takes place • may come at the beginning of a sentence or after the main clause. When it is at the beginning, it is separated from the main clause by a comma.

3. Conjunctions requiring the subjunctive Certain conjunctions are always followed by the subjunctive because they introduce actions or states that are uncertain or have not happened yet. Typically, these conjunctions express purpose, condition or intent.

5. Ejemplo El ejércitosiempredebeestarpreparadoen caso de quehayaun ataque. The army must always be prepared, in casethere is an attack.

6. Ejemplo El presidenteganarálaseleccionesotravezcon tal de queno cometaun error. The president will win the election provided that he doesn’t make a mistake.

7. If there is no change of subject in the sentence, always use the infinitive after the prepositions paraand sin, and drop the que. • Porejemplo: • La abogadainvestigarátodos los detalles del casoparadefendera sucliente. • The lawyer will investigate every detail of the case in order to defend her client.

8. The use of the infinitive without quewhen there is no change of subject is optional after the prepositions antes de, con tal de, and en caso de. Porejemplo: Debo leer sobre el candidatoantes de votarporél. I must read about the candidate beforevoting for him.

9. After a menosquealways use the subjunctive. • Porejemplo: • La senadorava a perdera menosquemejoresuimagen. • The senator is going to lose unlessshe improves her image.

10. Conjunctions followed by the subjunctive or indicative *Although después (de) queand luego (de) both mean after, the latter is used less frequently in spoken Spanish.

11. If the action or main clause has not yet occurred, use the subjunctive after the conjunction of time or concession. • Porejemplo: • Trabajaremosdurohastaqueno hayamásabusos de poder. • We will work hard untilthere are no more abuses of power.

12. Ejemplos Aunquemejorela seguridad, siempretendránmiedo de viajar en avión. Even if security improves, they will always be afraid to travel by plane. Cuandohablencon la prensa, van a exigir la libertadpara los prisioneros. Whenthey speak with the press, they are going to demand freedom for the prisoners.

13. If the action in the main clause has already happened, or happens habitually, then the indicative is used in the adverbial clause. • Porejemplo: • Tan pronto comose supieronlos resultados, el partidoanunciósuvictoria. • As soon as the results were known, the party announced its victory.

14. Otroejemplo Mi amigo y yosiemprenospeleamoscuandohablamosde política. My friend and I always fight whenwe talk about politics.

15. Exception A pesar de, después de, and hastacan also be followed by an infinitive, instead of que+ [subjunctive], when there is no change of subject.

16. Ejemplos Algunosprisioneros se reformandespués de salirde la cárcel. Some prisoners reform afterleaving jail. Algunosprisioneros se reformandespués de quesalende la cárcel. Some prisoners reform afterthey leave jail.