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Pituitary Gland: Master Endocrine Regulator

The pea-sized pituitary gland hangs below the brain's hypothalamus in the "Turk's saddle." It consists of two lobes - anterior and posterior - controlling various hormones, including growth hormone and oxytocin.

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Pituitary Gland: Master Endocrine Regulator

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  1. Pituitary Gland (pg 4)

  2. Pituitary Gland (pg 4) • The size of a pea

  3. Pituitary Gland (pg 4) • The size of a pea • Hangs below the hypothalamus of the brain. Sits in the “Turk’s saddle” of the sphenoid bone

  4. Pituitary Gland (pg 4) • The size of a pea • Hangs below the hypothalamus of the brain. Sits in the “Turk’s saddle” of the sphenoid bone • Controlled by the hypothalamus

  5. Pituitary Gland (pg 4) • The size of a pea • Hangs below the hypothalamus of the brain. Sits in the “Turk’s saddle” of the sphenoid bone • Controlled by the hypothalamus • Consists of 2 lobes: The anterior pituitary is made of glandular tissue and the posterior pituitary is made of nervous tissue

  6. Anterior pituitary (Adenohypophysis) • Makes 6 hormones, 4 of which are tropic hormones (meaning they stimulate other endocrine glands)

  7. Anterior pituitary (Adenohypophysis) • Makes 6 hormones, 4 of which are tropic hormones (meaning they stimulate other endocrine glands) • Called the “master endocrine gland”

  8. Anterior pituitary (Adenohypophysis) • Makes 6 hormones, 4 of which are tropic hormones (meaning they stimulate other endocrine glands) • Called the “master endocrine gland” • Controlled by hormones produced by the hypothalamus

  9. Growth Hormone (GH): Stimulates target cells to grow in size and to divide Target tissue: Bones and skeletal muscles

  10. Growth Hormone (GH): Stimulates target cells to grow in size and to divide Target tissue: Bones and skeletal muscles Hyposecretion (not enough hormone) Pituitary dwarfism Hypersecretion (too much hormone) in childhood Gigantism Hypersecretion in adulthood Acromegaly (large facial bones, hands, and feet)

  11. 2. Prolactin (PRL): Promotes development of milk glands in breasts and stimulates milk production after childbirth. No known function in men.

  12. 3. Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH): Regulates hormone production of the cortex portion of the adrenal glands. Stimulates melanocytes in the skin to produce more melanin.

  13. 4. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH): Controls growth and activity of the thyroid gland

  14. 5 & 6. Gonadotropic hormones: Regulate hormonal activity of the gonads (testes and ovaries) 5. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) Females: Stimulates follicle development in the ovaries Males: Stimulates sperm development 6. Luteinizing hormone (LH) Females: Triggers ovulation Males: Stimulates testosterone production by the interstitial cells of the testes

  15. Posterior Pituitary (Neurohypophysis) • Does not make the hormones it releases. They are made by the hypothalamus and the posterior pituitary stores them

  16. Posterior Pituitary (Neurohypophysis) • Does not make the hormones it releases. They are made by the hypothalamus and the posterior pituitary stores them • Controlled by nerve impulses from the hypothalamus

  17. Posterior Pituitary (Neurohypophysis) • Does not make the hormones it releases. They are made by the hypothalamus and the posterior pituitary stores them • Controlled by nerve impulses from the hypothalamus • Releases 2 hormones

  18. 1. Oxytocin: Stimulates contractions of the uterus during childbirth and ejection of milk during nursing

  19. 2. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH): Causes the kidneys to reabsorb more water, decreasing urine volume. Increases blood pressure by causing constriction of the arterioles. Secretion of ADH is inhibited by alcohol

  20. 2. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH): Causes the kidneys to reabsorb more water, decreasing urine volume. Increases blood pressure by causing constriction of the arterioles. Secretion of ADH is inhibited by alcohol Hyposecretion diabetes insipidus Hypersecretionhigh blood pressure

  21. Diagram (pg 5)

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