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1/15/2014

1/15/2014. Finish Cartoon Dichotomous key (back of #5) Classification Notes Coral Reef Fish Key Begin Quoze Dichotomous Key LAB Reminder- you need a 100+ page spiral notebook and color pencils by 1/22. Classification/Taxonomy. Chapter 18. Why Classify?. Taxonomy. Defined :

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1/15/2014

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  1. 1/15/2014 Finish Cartoon Dichotomous key (back of #5) Classification Notes Coral Reef Fish Key Begin Quoze Dichotomous Key LAB Reminder- you need a 100+ page spiral notebook and color pencils by 1/22

  2. Classification/Taxonomy Chapter 18

  3. Why Classify?

  4. Taxonomy Defined: Discipline of classifying organisms and assigning each organism a universally accepted name.

  5. Why common names don’t work Common names vary among languages and regions. Example: United Kingdom – Buzzard refers to a hawk United States – Buzzard refers to a vulture Red-tailed Hawk Honey Buzzard Turkey Vulture

  6. Aristotle 384 BC • 1st scientist to Classify organisms • either plants or animals

  7. Carolus Linnaeus • (1707 – 1778) • Created the system of naming we use today. • In taxonomy, a group or level of organization is called a taxonomic category or taxon.

  8. Binomial Nomenclature • “Bi” means 2 • “nomial” means number • “Nomen” means name • “Clature” means the system of Defined: In binomial nomenclature, each species is assigned a two-part scientific name.

  9. Binomial Nomenclature • Carolus Linnaeus • In binomial nomenclature, each species is assigned a two-part scientific name. • The scientific name is always written in italics or underlined. • The first word (the genus) is capitalized • The second word (the species) is lowercased. EX- Genus species or Genus species Humans- Homo sapien

  10. Example of Binomial Nomenclature • Polar Bear is Ursus maritimus • Ursus: genus Ursus contains 5 other kinds of bears • maritimus: species The Latin word, maritimus, refers to the sea. Polar bears often live on pack ice that floats in the sea.

  11. A group or level of organization is called a taxonomic category, or taxon Linnaeus had 7- Kingdom “King PhylumPhillip ClassCame OrderOver FamilyFor GenusGreat SpeciesSpaghetti” Linnaeus's System of Classification

  12. Definitions to know • Genus: is a group of closely related species • Species: Group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring

  13. Family: Group of genera that share many characteristics • Order: Group of similar families • Class: Group of similar orders • Phylum: Group of closely related classes • Kingdom: Largest taxonomic group, consisting of closely related phyla.

  14. Here We Go…Polar Bear Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Carnivora Family: Ursidae Genus: Ursus Species: maritimus What do these mean?...lets see

  15. What they mean Kingdom: Animalia (there are 6 kingdoms) Phylum: Chordata (vertebrates) Class: Mammalia (warm-blooded, hair, & milk) Order: Carnivora (meat-eating animals) Family: Ursidae (larger category of bears) Genus: Ursus(kind of bear) Species: maritimus(lives in marine environment) *Do NOT have to write*

  16. How to remember: King Phillip Came Over For Green Salad Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

  17. Rules of the Game Uniqueness: Every name has to be unique. Universality: Zoologists have adopted, by international agreement, a single language to be used on a worldwide basis. All animals are given a generic (common name) and specific name in Latin (scientific name). These names are in italics or are underlined (i.e. Homo sapiens).

  18. Modern Three-Domain System • As scientists further analyzed cell structure and DNA , a broader category was added- • The domainis the most inclusive taxonomic category; larger than a kingdom  • The three domains are: • Bacteria : kingdom Eubacteria • Archaea,: kingdom Archaebacteria; • Eukarya:Kingdom ANIMALIA, protista, fungi, plantae (all have eukaryotic cells)

  19. Cladogram of Six Kingdoms and Three Domains Section 18-3 DOMAIN ARCHAEA DOMAIN EUKARYA Kingdoms Eubacteria Archaebacteria Protista Plantae Fungi Animalia DOMAIN BACTERIA Go to Section:

  20. Modern 6 Kingdom System • Recently, as evidence about microorganisms continue to accumulate, biologists came to realize that the Kingdom Monera were composed of 2 distinct groups. • The 6-Kingdom system of classification includes kingdoms: 1. Eubacteria 2. Archaebacteria 3. Protista 4. Fungi 5. Plantae 6. Animalia

  21. 6 Kingdoms Prokaryote Prokaryote Eukaryote Eukaryote Eukaryote Eukaryote Eubacteria Archaebacteria Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia Autotroph or heterotroph Autotroph or heterotroph Autotroph/ heterotroph Heterotroph Autotroph Heterotroph Includes Algae Don’t belong in other euk No cell wall No chloroplasts Multicellular “Ancient Bacteria” Release enzymes to digest food Most common bacteria Cell walls & Chloroplasts Live in very hot places E. ecoli Pyrococcus furiosus Paramecium H. coccinea Fern frod Homo sapiens

  22. Checkpoint Questions: 1.  How are living things organized for study? 2. Describe the system for naming species that Linnaeus developed. 3. What are the seven taxonomic categories of Linnaeus’s classification system? 4. Why do scientists avoid using common names when discussing organisms? 5.  What is significant about members of the same species?

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