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The Astroparticle Road Ahead

Splinter Meeting on Multi-Messenger Astroparticle Physics Hamburg, 27 – 28 September 2012. The Astroparticle Road Ahead. Uli Katz ECAP / Univ. Erlangen 28.09.2012. The plan for the next 25 minutes:. What is astroparticle physics ? Selected aspects:

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The Astroparticle Road Ahead

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  1. Splinter Meeting on Multi-Messenger Astroparticle Physics Hamburg, 27 – 28 September 2012 The Astroparticle Road Ahead Uli Katz ECAP / Univ. Erlangen 28.09.2012

  2. The plan for the next 25 minutes: • What is astroparticle physics ? • Selected aspects: • Multimessenger searches for cosmic accelerators • Dark Matter • A topic in neutrino physics • An outlook beyond Note: Various slides from German astroparticle workshop (Zeuthen, 20-21 September 2012) Warning: This presentation will not provide a full coverage ofastroparticle physics and will contain personal views. U. Katz: The astroparticle road ahead

  3. What is astroparticle physics ? U. Katz: The astroparticle road ahead

  4. Historical aspects • Extraterrestrial particles: 100 years • Several decades until 50’s:Fundamental discoveries in particle physics (µ,p,e+) • From ~80’s: Particle physics methods and expertise for astroparticle experiments • Further breakthroughs (neutrino oscillations) • Coining the name (90’s):astroparticle physics vs. particle astrophysics Interpretation depends on perspective! U. Katz: The astroparticle road ahead

  5. ASPERA: Basic questions (roadmap 2007) • What is the Universe made of? In particular: What is dark matter? • Do protons have a finite life time? • What are the properties of neutrinos? What is their role in cosmic evolution? • What do neutrinos tell us about the interior of the Sun and the Earth, and about Supernova explosions? • What is the origin of cosmic rays? What is the view of the sky at extreme energies? • Can we detect gravitational waves? What will they tell us about violent cosmic processes and about the nature of gravity? Note: There are political/administrative aspectsFunding agencies need practical structures U. Katz: The astroparticle road ahead

  6. My preferred definition (generic) • What can astroparticles tell us about the Universe? • What can we learn about particle physics from observations of astroparticles? • How do particles fit into the Universe? • What else can we learn from experiments dedicated to these questions? Astrophysics Particle physics Cosmology ? U. Katz: The astroparticle road ahead

  7. Multimessenger searches for cosmic accelerators U. Katz: The astroparticle road ahead

  8. The astroparticle instruments • TeV gamma observatories:H.E.S.S., MAGIC, VERITAS → CTA • Neutrino telescopes:IceCube, ANTARES, Baikal → GNO, KM3NeT • Cosmic rays:Auger → Radio detection, JEM/EUSO? • Gravitational waves:GEO600, VIRGO, LIGO → Upgrades, ET • Inter-instrument correlations: First “bilateral” approaches → AMON U. Katz: The astroparticle road ahead

  9. CTA: From vision to reality Martin Raue, Zeuthen 2012 U. Katz: The astroparticle road ahead

  10. Martin Raue, Zeuthen 2012 .. first data 2018 or so: U. Katz: The astroparticle road ahead

  11. Neutrino telescopes • IceCube, ANTARES, Baikal:Taking data but no discoveries yet • Increased sensitivities required! • KM3NeT: Multi-km3 neutrino telescope in Mediterranean Sea • Discuss and coordinate future activitiesin Global Neutrino Observatory (GNO) U. Katz: The astroparticle road ahead

  12. KM3NeT • Technical Design Report 2010: ~6 km3 for 220 M€ • Meanwhile: Optimisation for Galactic sources→ smaller, lower energies, multiple building blocks • Baseline design:Flexible strings with multi-PMT digital optical modules • 40 M€ available for first construction phase(option: ORCA, see below) IceCube KM3NeT U. Katz: The astroparticle road ahead

  13. Global Neutrino Observatory IceCube Further partners ANTARES, KM3NeT FA 1 FA 2 FA 3 The Global Neutrino Observatory • GNO could be an “umbrella” over neutrino astronomy projects • The experiments/partners are autonomous, independent entities participating in GNO • GNO offers a forum for exchanges and consultations and can represent neutrino astronomy vs. science and science policy U. Katz: The astroparticle road ahead

  14. Status of “cosmic ray astronomy” • Auger: Observes anisotropies at E >1019.7 eV. • But: • No conclusive evidence for specific sources • Low statistics • Chemical composition unclear (if heavy, no astronomy!) • Conclusion: Larger and even better detectors needed • “Auger North” not approved • “Auger Next” under discussion • Radio detection of air showers • JEM/EUSO U. Katz: The astroparticle road ahead

  15. Radio detection • Impressive progress in exploration, theoretical understanding and simulation • LOFAR • New installations • Auger Engineering Array (AERA) • South Pole (ARA) • TUNKA Rex • SKA ±20% F. Schroeder et al. ARENA 2012 U. Katz: The astroparticle road ahead

  16. Markus Roth, Zeuthen 2012 JEM-EUSO • Highest-energy cosmic ray observation from space • Preparation in progress • Launch in 2017? • Questions: • Calibration • Precision • Control of conditions U. Katz: The astroparticle road ahead

  17. Gravitational waves: The global network … Michèle Heurs, Zeuthen 2012 U. Katz: The astroparticle road ahead

  18. … and the next step: Einstein Telescope (ET) Future: Also eLISA/NGO ? Michèle Heurs, Zeuthen 2012 U. Katz: The astroparticle road ahead

  19. First detections imminent ? • mergers of BH and NS • rotating NS • asymmetric SN • … Expected sensitivities Michèle Heurs, Zeuthen 2012 U. Katz: The astroparticle road ahead

  20. Multimessenger status • Multimessenger studies require the detection and identification of multiple messengers • No single neutrino, cosmic ray or gravitational wave assigned to a high-energy astrophysical source! • We are at the beginning, perseverance required. • Make best use of existing experiments → AMON U. Katz: The astroparticle road ahead

  21. AMON • Multimessenger network to identify coincident signals • Sensitivity at sub-significance and sub-triggerlevel of single experiments • Lead by Penn State Univ., to include ground- and space-based experiments • amon.gravity.psu.edu U. Katz: The astroparticle road ahead

  22. Dark Matter U. Katz: The astroparticle road ahead

  23. Impressive progress in direct searches … Manfred Lindner, Zeuthen 2012 Another order of magnitudeexpected from XENON1T and others U. Katz: The astroparticle road ahead

  24. … and further limits, hints and questions • What about DAMA, CoGent, CRESST?Just detector effects? • Indirect searches: • intriguing features in e+ e- spectra (Fermi-LAT, PAMELA, …) • limits from neutrinos • the Fermi 130 GeV g line Warning: Comparisons of experimental results are strongly model-dependent (particle physics, DM density) U. Katz: The astroparticle road ahead

  25. How to consolidate the picture? • We need a consistent picture in all reaction modes • We need to prepareproper strategiesfor 4 possible cases: U. Katz: The astroparticle road ahead

  26. Neutrino physics U. Katz: The astroparticle road ahead

  27. Neutrino telescopes and low-E neutrinos • Here: Low-E means E < 20 GeV or so • IceCube/Deep Core: First results emerging,down to O(10 GeV) • ANTARES: Oscillation analysis down to 20 GeV • IceCube: Plans for further instrumentation inDeep Core region: PINGU • Publication on possible neutrino mass hierarchy measurement (Akhmedov, Razzaque and Smirnov, arXiv1205.7071v4) • … reactions on the experimental side: • Feasibility study for PINGU • Also under discussion for first KM3NeT phase (ORCA) U. Katz: The astroparticle road ahead

  28. Possible configurations Alexander Kappes, Zeuthen 2012 U. Katz: The astroparticle road ahead

  29. The signal (theoretical perspective) • Neutrino-antineutrino asymmetry induced by inhomogeneous matter distribution in Earth • Result: zenith/energy dependence of event numbers, since • Requires event identification, good energy/zenith resolution and precise knowledge of efficiencies U. Katz: The astroparticle road ahead

  30. The signal (experimental perspective) Expected result:? If feasible, it might change future ofneutrino telescopes • Feasibility studies for PINGU and ORCA ongoing • Critical questions: • Trigger efficiencies • Event identification • Backgrounds andevent migrations • Event reconstructionand resolutions • Systematics in Earthdensity distribution • … • Time line: Answers by late 2012 or mid-2013 U. Katz: The astroparticle road ahead

  31. Conclusions & Outlook U. Katz: The astroparticle road ahead

  32. A few personal remarks • We have made impressive experimental progressbut we still have not answered the central questions • Perseverance and scientific rigor are required to succeed • Planning of future activities must be coherent, coordinated at international scale and science-driven • Astroparticle physics is dynamically evolving – we must not limit our objectives and visions to amomentary snapshot U. Katz: The astroparticle road ahead

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