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Channel Catfish ( Ictalurus punctatus ) Virus Disease “ CCvd ”

Toni Christopher. Channel Catfish ( Ictalurus punctatus ) Virus Disease “ CCvd ”. Before We Begin…Some Key Terms. Aquaculture: human cultivation of aquatic plants or animals in controlled environments Fry: fish children Fingerling: young or small fish Hatchling: newly hatched fish

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Channel Catfish ( Ictalurus punctatus ) Virus Disease “ CCvd ”

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  1. Toni Christopher Channel Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus)Virus Disease“CCvd”

  2. Before We Begin…Some Key Terms • Aquaculture: human cultivation of aquatic plants or animals in controlled environments • Fry: fish children • Fingerling: young or small fish • Hatchling: newly hatched fish • Brood stock: fish used for breeding only • Hatchery: pond set aside for hatching eggs • Fry Pond: pond in which fry are raised and cared for

  3. What is CCVD? • Viral disease specific to Ictalurus Punctatus • Causes hemorrhaging and destroys blood forming tissue in the kidneys • Leads to kidney failure and death • Temperature sensitive disease • More of a problem in aquaculture than in wild • Why?

  4. External Symptoms • Slowing of feeding activities • Erratic swimming, often spiral • Hyperactivity followed by lethargy • Gathering along sides of ponds hanging vertical and motionless • Swollen abdomen • Extension of anus • Bulging Eyes • Hemorrhages • Base of fins • Abdomen • Muscle Tissues • Gills occasionally • Liver and kidney • Pale gills

  5. Internal Symptoms • Clear yellow to blood tinged fluid in body cavities • Digestive tract: yellow fluid and mucus, no food • Pale liver and kidneys • Dark spleen • Inflammatory cells overrun infected areas

  6. Susceptibility • Varies among strains of catfish • Inbred strains: more so • Outbred strains: more vigor and increased resistance • Ictalurus furcatus: naturally resistant • Channel x blue hybrids: same as parent channel cat • Bullheads, Euro., Afric., and Asian: resistant • Pangasius sp.: unknown

  7. An Important Note About CCVD • Temperature Reactive • At 4°C, virus life: ≤ 28 days, mostly dormant • At 20°C, symptoms dormant up to 10 days • At >25°C, outbreaks typically occur,; virus life: 2 days • At 25 - 30°C, symptoms seen 2-3 days after infection • Mortalities near 100% after a week • At >30°C, greatest mortalities in smalls • Fish size and the amount of virus the fish are exposed to play a lesser role

  8. Transmission • Fish to Fish • Direct contact with dying/infected fish • Virus crosses lining of gills and then intestines • Brood stock to young • Survivors may have dormant virus • Passed to young at or around spawning via semen and eggs

  9. Treatment • No true effective treatments • Transmission can be limited by less feeding • Improving water quality and reducing temp. to < 19°C reduce stress on fish and stops deaths • Control and prevention • Avoidance, containment, and stress reduction

  10. Control and prevention • Avoidance • No feral fish • Quarantine new fish and survivors • Do not use survivors as brood stock • Containment • Sanitize and disinfect with bleach, dechlorinated water, and thorough air drying • No cross-contamination • Stress reduction • Optimal H2O quality; high dis. O2lvls.; avoid crowding, low circulation and flow; good nutrition

  11. Resources and Images • http://aquanic.org/publicat/usda_rac/efs/srac/4702fs.pdf

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