Chapter 9 Water and Basic Design “The next great world crisis will be water supply.”

1. Chapter 9 Water and Basic Design “The next great world crisis will be water supply.” 2 issues: keep water out since 19th century, distribute water Read through the whole chapter: 9.1 water’s contribution to lifestyle and architecture nourishment, cleansing and hygiene, ceremonial, transportation of waste (sanitary and storm sewers) cooling (real and psychological) ornamental (reflectivity, sound, boundary) protection (fire)

2. Chapter 9 Water and Basic Design cont’d 9.2 the hydrologic cycle (groundwater and water table) 9.3 basic planning water supply Rome 38 g/cd, LA 182 g/cd cisterns # plumbing fixtures table p. 536 sewage, septic 9.4 rainwater, similarity between solar and rainwater collection, initial first cost 9.5 collection and storage, sizing, John Andrews house p. 549 9.6 rainwater and site planning roof retention porous pavement gravel filled trenches 9.7 components gutters and rain water leaders, decorative potential

3. Of interest: Fig. 9.1 Water measurement terms Fig. 9.8 Outdoor cistern Fig. 9.9 John Andrews house, Australia Fig. 9.14 Gutters and leaders are not always essential… Fig. 9.16 Roof drainage Fig. 9.26 Storm drainage Table 9.2 Planning guide for water supply Table 9.3 Minimum number of plumbing facilities Table 9.8 Sizing roof drains etc.

4. Chapter 10 Water Supply 10.4 other water treatments a) aeration c) softening f) distillation 10.5 water sources a) wells b) pumps c) pressure tanks, elevated tanks should equal 2 days average water use

5. 10.6 Hot water systems and equipment a) water temperature b) heat sources and methods c) tankless water heaters e) central versus distributed equipment Fig. 10.18 Options for domestic hot water in a large house f) distribution trees Fig. 10.19 Principle of hot water circulation g) variable storage temperature h) conventional water heater selection Table 10.8 Minimum water heater capacities Table 10.9 Sizing a water heater storage tank Table 10.10 Domestic hot water consumption

6. Solar water heating • Table 10.11 Solar domestic hot water systems, pros and cons • heating swimming pools • passive system • active system • Fig. 10.27 Active solar water heating • direct system • indirect system • batch systems • Fig. 10.29 Batch solar water-heating system • thermosiphon systems • Fig. 10.31 Thermosiphon solar water-heating system • closed loop freeze resistant systems • drain back systems • drain down systems • Fig. 10.33 Comparison of drain-back & drain-down syst. • air to liquid systems • phase change systems

7. 10.6 j) heat pump water heaters Fig. 10.37 Heat pump used for heating DHW 10.7 fixtures and water conservation; an idea of what is available 10.8 accessibility Fig. 10.50 Wheelchair turning space Fig. 10.51 Clearance and grab bars for toilets

8. 10.9 water distribution a) static pressure b) upfeed distribution Fig. 10.52 Upfeed water distribution c) downfeed distribution Fig. 10.53 Downfeed distribution (NYC) d) tall building downfeed distribution Fig. 10.54 Downfeed distribution schematics f) pumped upfeed distribution (mid size) 10.11 irrigation

9. Chapter 11: Water and Waste 11.1 Read through section on alternatives to water toilets fig. 11.2 C.K.Choi building at UBC 11.2 Principles of drainage understand the need for traps and venting 11.3 Piping, Fittings and Accessories know the possible piping materials and their properties: cast iron, copper, ABS plastic, PVC type DWV (drainage, waste and vent), galvanized steel 11.4 design of residential waste piping stacks, back to back planning, required slopes Fig. 11.24 11.5 Design of larger building waste piping p. 697, 698 Fig. 11.30: typical plumbing drawing

10. 11.6 On site sewage treatment Septic tanks fig. 11.34, 11.37 11.7 On site multiple building sewage treatment optional read throughp. 714-728 alternative sewage treatment You are responsible only for the material on Living Machines presented by Prof. Hollebone (next slide) 11.8 Large scale sewage treatment systems (optional) 11.9 Recycling and Gray water know the definitions of potable water, rainwater, gray water black water, dark gray water, clearwater Table 11.12 subsurface irrigation

11. Chapter 12: Solid Waste 12.1 Waste and resources definition of high and low-grade resources Table 12.1 Typical recyclable materials Table 12.2 Solid waste sources 12.3 Solid waste in small buildings Figure 12.4, 12.5 12.4 Solid waste in large buildings Fig. 12.7 Collection process Audubon House 12.6 The service core Fig. 12.12 Service core configurations Table 12.4 Service core pros and cons