CHAPTER 20

1. CHAPTER 20 SECTION 1 RISKS OF ADOLESCENT SEXUAL ACTIVITY

2. What are the two major risks of sexually active teens? • Unplanned pregnancy • Sexually transmitted diseases

3. Fact or Myth? You cannot get pregnant the first time you engage in sexual intercourse. Myth

4. Statistical Facts About Teen Pregnancy • 800,000-900,000 teens get pregnant each year • 1 in 5 sexually active teen girls get pregnant • The teen birth rate and pregnancy rate in the US is the highest of any industrial nation in the world. • The majority of pregnant teens are not married.

5. Health Concerns of Pregnant Teens • Hard on the mothers health • Bones and muscles of teens are not ready for the physical stresses of pregnancy • Pregnant teens must eat well and get plenty of rest

6. Statistics from the Centers for Disease Control - teen pregnancy(2001) • About half (45.6%) of all students had already engaged in sexual intercourse. • About 25% of sexually active students had used alcohol or drugs during their last episode of sexual intercourse. • About 5% of students had been pregnant or had gotten someone else pregnant.

7. Hardships for Teen Parents • Page 478- Figure 1 • Caring for the baby is hard work. • Accepting adult responsibilities at a young age. • May have limited job options/Make less money • May have to sacrifice careers and educational goals. • May face financial demands. • Less free time for yourself.

8. Health Risks for the baby of a Teen Mom • Low birth weight • More likely to be born pre-mature • Pre-mature babies are more likely to have physical and mental problems than babies with normal birth weight

9. Define abstinence. • Abstinence is the conscious decision not to participate in sexual activity and the skills to support that decision.

10. Not being regretful of a previous sexual relationship. • Not becoming a single parent. • Health benefits of not becoming pregnant and not contracting STD’s. • Not having more serious health problems like cancer or others caused by STD’s. • Waiting until marriage will decrease the number of sexual partners you have therefore reducing the risk of contracting an STD. • The younger you become sexually active the more sexual partners you are likely to have in your lifetime. • Increased self respect and higher self esteem and self worth. • Stronger personal values and beliefs and staying true to these. • Better reputation among peers. • Allows you to pursue personal and career goals. • Stronger more stable emotionally in a future marriage. • You can focus on school. • Freedom to pursue a variety of friendships. • Less complicated relationships. • The ability to concentrate on better relationships. • Better relationships with parents and adults. • Being free from worry and stress of getting pregnant or contracting an STD. • Avoid being manipulated by others. • Having an increased sense of self-control. • Allowing time to develop the maturity needed to make important decisions. • Allowing time for your body to physically mature to benefit a healthy pregnancy and baby. List as many advantages of abstinence as you can think of. Include physical, mental and social ones.

11. CHAPTER 20 SECTION 2 WHAT ARE SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES

12. Define epidemic. • An epidemic is the occurrence of more cases of a disease than expected.

13. Define asymptomatic. • Asymptomatic is showing no signs of a disease or disorder even though an infection is present.

14. STD’s, the “Silent Epidemic” • Many people are unaware that they have an STD. • People don’t tell their sexual partners they have an STD.

15. Health Problems that STD’s Can Create • Sterility • Other serious illnesses and even death. • 1 in 5 sexually active teens that have an STD

16. Cases of STDs reported by state health departments and rates per 100,000 population: United States, 1997-2008

17. Regional statistics for HIV and AIDS, end of 2009

18. STD Risk Behaviors • Being sexually active. • Having a sexual partner who has had multiple sexual partners. • Having more than one sexual partner. • Using alcohol or drugs.

19. Reasons Why Teens are Particularly at Risk for Being Infected with STD’s • Teens ignore the risks of sexual activity “not me”! • Females are at greater risk because of their anatomy. ( more mucous tissue can be exposed to infection; females receive a greater volume of potentially infected fluid; the teen cervix is more susceptible to infections than the adult cervix.) • Teen bodies may not fight infection as well as healthy adults.

20. Preventing the Spread of STD’s • Practice abstinence. • Avoid drugs and alcohol. • Respect yourself. • Know the facts and educate yourself.

21. CHAPTER 20 SECTION 3 COMMON SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES

22. Page 485- Belief vs. Reality

23. Bacterial STD’s • Page 486- Table 1 • Chlamydia • Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) • Gonorrhea • Syphilis What is the treatment for bacterial STD’s? -Antibiotics

24. What could be some possible results if left untreated? • Infertility • Ectopic pregnancies • PID • Injury to reproductive organs • Pain • Swelling in testicles • Life threatening blood infections

25. Viral STD’s • Page 488 Table 2 • HPV – Human Papilloma Virus – Genital Warts • Genital Herpes • Hepatitis • HIV – Human Immuno-deficiency Virus What is the treatment for viral STD’s? There is no cure. You have the disease for the rest of your life.

26. What could be the possible results if left untreated? • Cervical cancer • Genital cancers in the male • Liver damage • Premature death • Cancer • Opportunistic infections

27. STD’s Caused by Parasites • Public lice – crabs • Scabies • Trichomoniasis (no symptoms in the male)

28. Ways Sexually Transmitted Diseases can Spread • Sexual contact (can be skin to skin in genital or mouth area – not necessary to have intercourse. • Direct contact with open sores. • From mother to baby during birth.

29. What should you do if you suspect that you have been exposed to an STD? • Seek medical help immediately and get tested. • Complete the full course of medication. • Have follow-up testing done. • Avoid all sexual activity while being treated.