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Tutorial physiology

Tutorial physiology. Dr.Mohammed sharique Assistant prof Physiology. Neuromuscular Junction. Neuromuscular junction is an example of ______ Action potentials arriving at the presynaptic terminal (terminal button) cause ______channels to open.

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Tutorial physiology

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  1. Tutorial physiology Dr.Mohammed sharique Assistant prof Physiology

  2. Neuromuscular Junction • Neuromuscular junction is an example of ______ • Action potentials arriving at the presynaptic terminal (terminal button) cause ______channels to open. • Neurotransmitter released from presynaptic terminal at neuromuscular junction is _________

  3. ___________________ causes release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine into synaptic cleft, which has been synthesized and stored into synaptic vesicles • Motor end plate contains nicotinic ____________ which are ____________________channels

  4. when Ach triggers opening of ion channels at motor end plate more Na+ moves inwards than K+ out wards, depolarizing the end plate. This potential change is called _____________ • To ensure purposeful movement ,muscle cell electrical response is turned off by _________ which degrade Ach to choline & acetate

  5. Factors influencing NMJ • Venum of black widow spider ? • Clostridium botulinum toxin ? • Myasthenia Gravis ?

  6. Myasthenia Gravis

  7. Gap junction is an example of _________________. • A lipophilic chemical messenger uses a second messenger system to alter the activity of a target cell. True/false • Most endocrine glands secrete paracrine substances that function as neurohormones. True/false

  8. _____________________-soluble hormones must use _____________________ systems to exert their effects on target cells. • _____________________ are local chemical messengers that exert an effect only on neighboring cells in the immediate environment. • ______ are released into the blood by neurosecretory neurons. • _____________________ is a second messenger formed when a membrane enzyme called adenyl cyclase becomes activated by a G protein 

  9. Extracellular chemical messengers bring about cell responses primarily by _______________ which is Process by which incoming signals are conveyed to target cell’s interior • Binding of extracellular messenger (first messenger) to matching receptor brings about desired intracellular response by either • _______________________ • ________________________ • _________________________

  10. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

  11. A particular hormone is known to elicit, completely by way of the cyclic AMP system, six different responses in its target cell. A drug is found that eliminates one of these responses but not the other five. Which of the following, if any, could the drug be blocking? • The hormone’s receptors, • Gs protein, • Adenylyl cyclase, • Cyclic AMP

  12. CNS • Nerves of the autonomic nervous system control skeletal muscle responses. ANSWER:TRUE/ False • Efferent neurons are motor neurons. ANSWER:TRUE/ False

  13. TRUE /FALSE • Interneurons lie entirely within the central nervous system. • Afferent neurons have a long peripheral axon and a short central axon. • The cell bodies of afferent and efferent neurons both originate in the CNS. • Efferent neurons are the most abundant type of neuron.

  14. True/False • Astrocytes contributes in formation of blood brain barrier. •  Oligodendrocytes form myelin around the axons of the CNS. •  Hydrocephalus is caused by insufficient cerebrospinal fluid. • Microglia are phagocytic cells that help move CSF within the ventricles of the brain.

  15. The most abundant type of neuron in the body is (are) the__________________ • Afferent neurons transmits information from________________ to _____________ • Efferent neurons transmits information from________________ to _____________

  16. The sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions are part of the_________________ • type of glial cell which lines the ventricles of the brain are ____________________ • The outer most meningeal layer is the_____________ • Cerebrospinal fluid is formed by ______________

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