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Physiology Tutorial

Physiology Tutorial . Dr. Zahoor Dr. Amel Eassawi. Functional Anatomy of the Reproductive System. List the components of reproductive system?. 1. Primary reproductive organ (Gonads) 2. Reproductive tract 3. Accessory sex glands 4. External genitelia.

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Physiology Tutorial

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  1. Physiology Tutorial Dr. Zahoor Dr. AmelEassawi

  2. Functional Anatomy of the Reproductive System List the components of reproductive system? 1. Primary reproductive organ (Gonads) 2. Reproductive tract 3. Accessory sex glands 4. External genitelia • What are the primary reproductive organs? Paired testes in the male and paired ovaries in the female.

  3. Functional Anatomy of the Reproductive System • What is the functions of mature gonads? • 1. Producing gametes (gametogenesis) • Spermatozoa (sperm) in male. • Ova (eggs) in female. • 2. Secreting sex hormones • Testosterone in males. • Estrogen and progesterone in females.

  4. Functional Anatomy of the Reproductive System What are the functions of the different organs of the reproductive system in males? • Testes: Production of sperm (spermatogenesis). • Secretion of testosterone. • Accessory Sex Glands • Seminal vesicles, prostate gland, bulbourethral gland • Function: Secretions provide bulk of semen (liquid substance that is conducive to sperm viability) • Penis: Organ used to deposit semen in female • Male Reproductive Tract • Epididymis, ductus (vas) deferens: Sperm maturation • Ejaculatory duct: Empty into urethra (canal running length of penis that empties into exterior)

  5. Functional Anatomy of the Reproductive System What are the functions of the different organs of the reproductive system in females? • Ovaries: Production of ova (oogenesis). • Secretion of estrogen & progesterone. • Female Reproductive Tract • Oviducts (uterine or Fallopian tubes): Pick up ova on ovulation, serve as site for fertilization • Uterus: Responsible for maintenance of fetus during development • Responsible for expelling fetus at end of pregnancy • The lower portion of the uterus is the cervix(projects in the vagina and contain single, small opening the • Cervical canal: Serves as pathway for sperm through the uterus to the site of fertilization. Serves as passageway for delivery of baby from uterus. • Vagina: Connects uterus to external environment.

  6. Sex Determination How is the genetic sex is determined? • Depends on combination of sex chromosomes. • Determined at time of conception. • Depends on which type of sex chromosome is contained within the fertilizing sperm.

  7. Sexual Differentiation Discuss the three levels of genetic, gonadal and phenotypic differences between males and females?

  8. Sexual Differentiation Discuss the abnormalities that might take place during sexual differentiation? • Pseudo hermaphrodite: • Gonad of one sex and genitalia of other • 1. Male Pseudo Hermaphrodite: • 1. Genetic males whose target cells lack receptors for testosterone are feminized ( testicular feminizing syndrome) • 2. Defective testicular development • 3. 5αreductsae deficiency ( enzyme, coverts testosteron to DHT) • Female phenotype & XY male genotype • 2. Female Pseudo Hermaphrodite: • Congenital virilizing adrenal hyperplasia • Administration of androgen to mother • Male phenotype and XX female genotype

  9. Sexual Differentiation Discuss the possible defects produced by maternal non-disjunction of the sex chromosomes at the time of meiosis? (Turner’s syndrome) (Klinefelter’s syndrome)

  10. MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Q1 . Name the primary reproductive organ, reproductive tract, accessory sex glands and external genitalia of male reproductive system. Q2. Where spermatogenesis occurs ? Q3 . What is function of leydig cells ? Q4 . Testosterone is steriod hormone or peptide hormone .

  11. MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Q5. What are the functions of testosterone. Q6. Draw the sperm and name the different parts. Q7. What is the function of Acrosome. Q8. In which part of sperm, genetic material is present.

  12. MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Q9. What is the function of midpiece and tail of sperm. Q10. Name the functions of Sertoli cells. Q11. What is the action of FSH and LH on testis. Q12. Inhibin hormone is secreted by ( select one ). 1) sertoli cell 2) leydig cell

  13. MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Q 13. What is average volume of semen per ejaculate . Q14. What is normal sperm count/ ml in semen. Q15. Bulk of semen is provided by ( select one) 1) Seminal vesicle 2) Prostate gland

  14. MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Q19. Where sperm are stored . Q20. What is cryptorchidism ? Q21. In Klinfelter syndrome what is Karyotype (Number of chromosomes ).

  15. Female reproductive system • When ova appear in the ovary? • How many ova are there in a ovary at • 5th month of gestation? • At birth? • At puberty? • How many ova mature during a average reproductive life of a female? • Why ova are in millions when only about 400 are required during the reproductive life of a female? • Define menstrual cycle.

  16. Female reproductive system • What are the phases of ovarian cycle? • Which hormones from the hypothalamus / anterior pituitary control ovarian cycle? • What is LH surge? • Say true or False Moderate level of estrogen inhibit LH secretion where as high level of estrogen stimulate LH surge

  17. Female reproductive system • What are the uterine phases of menstrual cycle? What is the duration of each phase. • What is the total duration of menstrual cycle. • How much is the average menstrual blood loss? • Draw the diagram of menstrual cycle

  18. Female reproductive system • Why there is no menstruation during • Childhood • Pregnancy • Menopause • During menopause, what is the level of FSH & LH? • What types of menstrual irregularities occurs in athlete (AMI)? • What is the cause of Athlete menstrual irregularities (AMI) ?

  19. Thank you

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