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Constellation is a visualization tool that helps linguists improve MindNet algorithms by solving specific problems using chosen techniques, custom semantic layout, and various perceptual channels for interaction.
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Constellation: A Visualization Tool for Linguistic Queries from MindNet Tamara Munzner François Guimbretière Stanford University George Robertson Microsoft Research
Overview • solve specific problem • help linguists improve MindNet algorithms • chosen techniques • custom semantic layout • perceptual channels • interaction as first-class citizen
Definition Graph • dictionary entry sentence • nodes: word senses • links: relation types
Semantic Network • definition graphs as building blocks • unify shared words • large network • millions of nodes • global structure known: dense • probes return local info • uses • grammar checking, automatic translation
Path Query • best N paths between two words • words on path itself • definition graphs used in computation
Task: Plausibility Checking • paths ordered by computed plausibility • researcher hand-checks results • high-ranking paths believable? • believable paths high-ranked? • gross polluters (stop words)
Goal • create unified view of relationships between paths and definition graphs • shared words are key • thousands of words (not millions) • special-purpose algorithm debugging tool • not understand the structure of English
Semantic Layout • reflect dataset characteristics • path ordering as backbone • fill in definition graphs
Semantic Layout • “plausibility gradient”
Semantic Layout • “plausibility gradient” • horizontal position
Semantic Layout • “plausibility gradient” • horizontal position • size
Semantic Layout • edge crossings not minimized
Semantic Layout • edge crossings not minimized • false attachment solved with interactive selective emphasis
Perceptual Channels • redundant combinations • synergy from multiple codings • layout gradient • spatial position, word size • quantitative
Perceptual Channels • highlighting:visual popout • saturation • brightness • linewidth • ordered • although binary
Perceptual Channels • highlighting:visual popout • saturation • brightness • linewidth • ordered • although binary
Perceptual Channels • hue • relation types • green: part-of • red: is-a • cyan: modifier • word types • yellow: path • green: definition graph • blue: leaf • selective (nominal)
Perceptual Channels • orientation • relation types • axis-aligned: local • slanted: long distance • between instancesof same word • selective (nominal)
Perceptual Channels • enclosure • definition graphs associated with path word • hierarchy
Interaction • see video
Video • zoom • software vs. video
Semantic Layout Challenges • spatial position encodes path ordering • edge crossings not minimized • clutter reduction:interaction, perceptual channels • tradeoffs • spatial encoding vs. information density • navigation: intelligent zooming • global, intermediate, local
Semantic Layout Challenges • navigation • intelligent zooming • global • path structure overview • intermediate • association of path word and definition graphs • local • read single definition graph
Color Scheme [Reynolds94] • hues • maximally separated on color wheel • saturation/brightness • low for unobtrusive, high for emphasis • maximal CRT legibility • black text on colored background
Conclusion • targeted case study • small user community • techniques • encode dataset structure spatially • multiple perceptual channels • interactive selective emphasis, navigation • approach broadly applicable
Acknowledgements • MSR linguists • Lucy Vanderwende, Bill Dolan, Mo Corston-Oliver • iterative design techniques • Mary Czerwinski • discussion • Maneesh Agrawala, Pat Hanrahan, Chris Stolte, Terry Winograd • funding • Microsoft Graduate Research Fellowship, Interval Research • http://graphics.stanford.edu/papers/const • http://graphics.stanford.edu/~munzner/talks/vis99