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The Fall of Greece

Explore the Peloponnesian War as Sparta challenges Athens, leading to Athens' downfall. Witness the rise of Macedonia under King Phillip II and Alexander the Great's conquests, shaping Hellenistic culture. Discover advancements in astronomy, mathematics, physics, and philosophy during this transformative era. Dive into the spread of Hellenistic culture, Alexandria's significance, and the philosophical teachings of Stoicism and Epicureanism. Unveil the progression in art from harmonious to emotive expressions.

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The Fall of Greece

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  1. The Fall of Greece • Vocabulary • Hellenic • Hellenistic

  2. Peloponnesian War • Sparta is jealous of Athens’s power. Sparta (strong land power) declares war on Athens (strong sea power). Sparta burns Athen’s countryside and everyone moves within the city where food is accessible by port from Athenian colonies. Sparta gains the upper hand when a plague hits Athens and when Athens overextends its military. Athens looses its empire and the future rulers are either too weak or indecisive for it to ever recover.

  3. Alexander the Great • Macedonia • North of Greece • Very cold and mountainous • Lived in villages rather than city states • Greeks thought of them as being uncivilized

  4. King Phillip II • Organized a army with phalanxes using 18 foot pikes and cavalry • He defeated Greeks in 338 BCE • He was stabbed to death at his daughter’s wedding

  5. Alexander • Carried out his father’s plan to invade Persia in 334 BCE • He rejected a peace settlement with the Persian king Darius III and invaded Egypt in 332 BCE • Pushed on to India conquering all territories in his path

  6. Alexander cont. • When he reached India his men were tired and ready to return home • Alexander died at home from a fever brought on by malaria, he was only 32. • Alexander’s Legacy • After his death his empire was divided into three sections ruled by his strongest generals • They governed as tyrants

  7. The Spread of Hellenistic Culture • Alexandria • In Africa • Became the international community center for trade • It contained the Pharos (stone light house), museum and library

  8. Astronomy • Aristarchus • Said planets revolve around the sun • Ptolemy • Said earth was the center of the solar system • Eratosthenes • Calculated the Earth’s size • Hipparchus • Invented latitude and longitude

  9. Mathematics • Euclid complies work on geometry • Archimedes estimates pi • Physics • Archimedes invented the screw, device to raise water from the ground, catapult, lever and pully

  10. Philosophy • Zeno • Started Stoicism that believed in a divine power who controlled the universe • People should live in harmony • Promoted social unity • Epicurus • Started Epicureanism that believed the universe was composed of atoms and ruled by gods who had no interest in humans

  11. Last Slide – Yes! • Art • Moved from being harmonic and idealizing to realistic and emotional

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