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CZECH-KOREAN GREEN TECHNOLOGY DAY

CZECH-KOREAN GREEN TECHNOLOGY DAY. The Czech R enewable Energy Policy and Outlook Peter J. Kalas Energy and Environmental advisor Czechinvest Prague, October 16, 2012. 1. Czech Energy Sector Current Status and Policy Outlook. EU Energy and Climate C hange package.

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CZECH-KOREAN GREEN TECHNOLOGY DAY

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  1. CZECH-KOREAN GREEN TECHNOLOGY DAY The Czech Renewable Energy Policy and Outlook Peter J. Kalas Energy and Environmental advisor Czechinvest Prague, October 16, 2012

  2. 1. Czech Energy Sector Current Status and Policy Outlook

  3. EU Energy and Climate Change package • Czech energy sector reflects the respective EU directives and trends • EU Competitiveness: geopolitical view, economic role of EU, energy effectiveness • Gradual shift towards low energy and low emission economy(„energy revolution“): driving countries: UK, Germany, Skand. • Climate change responsibility: • EU commitment (Kyoto, ETS), long-term vision • EU as active player in intl. negotiations • EU-Tools: • Directives, NAPs (emissions, RE), Roadmaps, Funding, national (member countries) and sectoral perspectives

  4. Responses to EU directivesCzech Republic • Energy area: • National energy strategies-NES (2004, (2008), 2012-Govt´s approval expected shortly) • Goals: sustainable energy sector (supply security, reliability, affordability and environmental compliance (local, global) • NAP for Renewable energy (2010) - 13% (MoTI) • NAP for Biomass (MoA) - recently completed, Govt´s approval • Legislation: Energy bill (authorization of new capacities), RE bill (role of RE in the national energy mix)

  5. Czech Energy/Environmental sectors:Status • Close energy-environmental link • High energy consumption (> share of industry (30%+), <energy effectiveness, gradual “decoupling” – energy demand for economicoutput) • Emissions: • compliance with the Kyoto targets, surplus 150 mt CO2, GIS (>50 mt CO2 for sale) • high specific emission per cap (12t C02 vis-à-vis average of 9t CO2) • severe air quality problems in some regions

  6. Energy & climate strategies in the CR: Challenges, issues, solutions-electricity sector • New capacities- timing, types, coal plants retrofits • Nuclear energy (JETE, Dukovany-extended life), new capacities (timing), tendering, selection of technology-supplier), source of fuel • Natural gas (diversification of suppliers, supply routes) • Coal (mining limits, role in the electricity and heating areas, domestic) • Renewable energies (>>) • Transmission lines, smart grids

  7. Energy sector Current energy mix • Primary energy use (2011): • Coal: 42% • Oil products: 22% - 100% imported • Natural gas (NG): 15% - 100% imported • Nuclear: 15% • RE: 5% • Main future focus: • Gradual replacent of coal (decreasing national coal deposits) • NG (diversification of supply/routes) • RE

  8. Electricity and other key sectors – Status & challenges • Electricity sector: • Basis: Coal (60%), nuclear (30%), hydro (10%) • Self-sufficient - Need for new capacities by (20202025) • Future role of coal (reserves) • Impacts of climate change charges – shift to natural gas and renewable energy in short-term, preparation of new nuclear plant (2 blocks-approx. 2500 MW) • Heating: • District heatings: Predominantly coal based- shift to NG and biomass • Domestic: sector: shift from coal to NG/renewable energies / BIOMASS • Transport: • 100% reliance on oil imports • Need to gradual shift to other fuels and technologies

  9. Electricity sector: Envisaged/ongoing technological measures • Strategic framework: The National Energy Strategy (2012): • Technology and fuel-mix: • Shift towards less coal intensive power technologies (environmental, strategic reasons): • closing/rehabilitation of old power plants • new high efficiency coal based power project (under construction) • nuclear: • life extension of one existing power plant (nearly completed, • preparation of a new nuclear plant

  10. Electricity sector:Envisaged/ongoing measures • Introduction of combined cycle technology (larger-scale use of NG in the power sector) • Stronger focus on renewable energy sources (solar, wind, biomass, geothermal, small hydro) • Large importance of energy savings/> efficiency of energy use

  11. Electricity sector: Solutions • State Energy Strategy (domestic sectoral strategy guidance): • Necessary GRADUAL shift of the current fuel mix(total el. production in 2010: 87 TWh/a): • coal: 70% (highly CO2 emitting source) to <30% • nuclear:from 30% to 50-60% • hydro): 10% to 15-25%-mix of renewable energy

  12. 2. Renewable energy resources Policy, Future Role

  13. Renewable energy- EU Directive

  14. Energy from RenewableEnergy - Outlook

  15. Electricity production from renewableenergy - Outlook

  16. Renewable energy-BiomassIssues, challengesSource: Action Plan for Biomass (Ministry of Agriculture) • Biomass is the most promising type of RE (volume, diversified use-solid, gaseous, liquid forms) • National Action Plan for Biomass 2013-2020 (approved by Govt.) • Agro-energy link: Dual role of the agriculture land • Total arable land in the Czech Republic: (4.2 million ha): • food supply security (3.2 mil. ha) and • energy production- (1 mil. ha) (agriculture products (corn) and wastes (straw), specially planted agriculture products, fast growing trees, grass, forestry wastes

  17. Renewable energy-BiomassChallengesSource: Action Plan for Biomass (Ministry of Agriculture) • Demand excess for forestry wastes (demand/supply gap) • major users: power plants, central heating systems • Trend to higherbiomass prices- negativ spiral: higher prices>feed-in tariffs-more demand…higher prices • Need to reinforce the local use of biomass/RE for decentralized energy supply at municipalities level

  18. Renewable energy-Solar FV Challenges • To learn from the recent „boom“ of solar FV project installations • Excessive and uncontroled development • Growth in the installed capacity from 10 MW in 2006/7 to 1900 MW in 2012 • Adjustment of the feed-in- tariffs • Subsidy significantly reduced and provided for small roof FV projects only

  19. Renewable energy: Wind energy • Limited locations of favorable conditions (velocity) • Public acceptance rather low (a number of planned projects postponed or cancelled) • Capacity additions: range of a few hundred MW • Important international role of the Czech wind technology industry

  20. Renewable energy - Geothermal • Relatively small energy potential (several hundreds MW in longer-term) • Hot dry rock type of projects (5 km deep drilling) • Pilot project under preparation (power and heat supply) • R&D international cooperation

  21. Promotion of green renewable technologies • Legislation: New bill regarding support of renewable energy forms (2012) • Financial incentives: • Investment subsidy (biogas plants, fotovoltaic-small size only) • Feed-in tariffs: 15-years guarantee for initial subsidy level • Small hydro plants • Wind, FV (cancelled for large scale projects, restricted for small-scale prohects (roof installation • Reserach, development, Innovation • Technological agency of the CR-TACR (Govt.´s/EU financing), • Intl. cooperation: EU (SET UP program), bilateral cooperations

  22. Conclusions and recommendationfor R&D in the biomass fieldSource: Action Plan for Biomass (Ministry of Agriculture) • Support further applied research in area of utilization of alternative fuels originating in phytomass • Support applied research in area of enhancement of biogas yield efficiency • Support applied research in area of utilization of substrates rich in lignocellulose serving to bioethanol production • Seek the possibilities of joint research with research and development institutions from abroad

  23. Technological options for energy/electrical sector – Renewable technologies • Electrical generation from renewable energies: • Biomass power plants (combustion, biogas plants) • Wind (total up to <1000 MW) • Solar photovoltaic (currently1900 MW large scale production)-stopped • Geothermal (pilot project under preparation), heat pumps • Decentralized electricity and heat plants (municipality/domestic userslevel) • Biomass based technologies (combustion, pelletsand briketts production, small scale domestic stoves) • Biogas production (heat and power at local level)

  24. Biomass technologies - Heat and power supply • Local and regional utilization of biomass (agriculture waste:straw, dry grass etc.) • Production of pellets and briquettes and their preferred utilization in households • Municipality heating (CPH) plants • Gradual exchange of boilers on basis of biomass sources in household sector • Biogas plants (anaerobic digestion of agriculture and biowaste)

  25. Biomass pyrolisis - recommendationsSource: Action Plan for Biomass (Ministry of Agriculture) • Actively follow research and development of fast pyrolysis technology and refining of biooil for possible energy utilization also as engine fuel (e.g. method of integrated hydropyrolysis and hydroconversion). • Seek possibilities of joint research purposes in this area with research and development institutions from abroad (e.g. submission of joint application for grant from FP7 EU). • Prepare supportive national grant mechanisms (e.g. cooperation with national platform „ Sustainable power supply“ for realization of commercial plants focused on production of pyrolysis biooil in future.

  26. DEVELOPMENT OF NEW GENERATIONS OF BIOFUELS ENERGY: Wind Water Solar Geothermal energy Biomass : 1.FERMENTATION 2.GASIFICATION Sugar, starch crops Oilseed crops

  27. Biofuels: 2nd Generation - Outlook • Despite a number of technological possibilities, it seems to be no clear technological way to date • Question of feedstock: Most of biomass is still burnt to heat and electric energy • B2G – at present the production seems still impracticable by conventional approach • Anticipated technological breakthroughs: • large-scale production of algae with ca 100t/ha ?? • hydrogen separation (from renewable energy sources) ---fuel cells • Need for further R & D

  28. Other perspective biomass technologies The R&D of the following technologies is considered as perspective: • Fluid gasification of biomass (for fuel variability). • Gasification of black leach from cellulose production (for suitability of gas for synthesis reaction) • High temperature fuel cells of SOFC type (as an alternative to currently prevailing combustion of biogas in gas engine for the production of electricity and heat)

  29. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION Contact: kalas.peter@gmail.com

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