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Cognitive Development in Infants

Cognitive Development in Infants. What is cognitive development? What are some examples of cognitive development?. Cognitive Development. Thought process Remembering Problem solving Decision making Language. Sensorimotor Stage Stage 1. Piaget’s Cognitive Development Theory.

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Cognitive Development in Infants

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  1. Cognitive Development in Infants What is cognitive development? What are some examples of cognitive development?

  2. Cognitive Development • Thought process • Remembering • Problem solving • Decision making • Language

  3. Sensorimotor StageStage 1 Piaget’s Cognitive Development Theory

  4. Sensorimotor Stage 0-2 years • Children are learning about their world through the use of their senses + motor activities. • Ex: watching an object move + reaching to grasp it. • Which of the senses does a baby use? • What motor action does a baby use ? • Explains why infants & toddlers are hands on • They are always getting into things!

  5. Advances in sensorimotor stage • 1.babies transition from reflexive behavior to intentional behavior • 2. develop object permanence

  6. Observation 1 Question 17,18,19 • 6 Substages of Sensorimotor Development • Substage 1: Simple reflexes (0-1 month) • Substage 2: First Habits & Primary Circular Reactions (1-4 months) • Substage 3: Secondary Circular Reactions (4-8 months) • Substage 4: Coordination of Secondary Schemes (8-12 months) • Substage 5: Tertiary Circular Reactions (12-18 months) • Substage 6: Mental Representations (18-24 months) Use the power points to answer the observation questions

  7. Substage 1: Simple reflexes (0-1 month) • Cognitive activity is based on neonatal (newborn) reflexes • Ex: sucking, rooting, grasping, stepping • Babies are learning from these reflexive behaviors • Reflexes are schemes (how we organize, process and interperit information) • Schemes are the building blocks of knowledge • Ex: grasping an object, naming animals, doing algebra, understanding numbers

  8. Substage 2:First Habits & primarycircular reactions (1-4 months) • Less reflexive & more intentional behavior by the infant • Ex: infant accidentally puts hand in his mouth & starts sucking on it. He enjoys the feeling & starts to intentionally put hand in his mouth repeatedley. • Primary= infant’s own body • Circular=once it’s discovered, it’s repeated

  9. Substage 3: SecondaryCircular Reactions (4-8 months) • Repetition of movements that occurred by chance • Ex: baby accidentally kicks toy and it light up & makes a sound. Baby enjoys the light & sound so she repeated the action. • Secondary= outside of baby’s body • Circular=once it’s discovered, it’s repeated

  10. Substage 4: Coordination of secondary schemes (8-12 months) • Baby has goals in his behavior • He wants to do something • Can coordinate his schemes in order to accomplish his goal • Ex: baby wants a toy. Crawls to the toy, pushes the ball aside, grabs the toy

  11. Substage 4: Coordination of secondary schemes (8-12 months) Observation 1 Question 19 • Object permanence: objects & people continue to exist even if we can’t see them • Having object permanence= having mental representations • Infants less than 4 months do not look for an object • Infants 4-8 months look briefly to see where object went • 8-12 months= put an object under blanket, infant will lift it to find it • A-not-B error

  12. Substage 5: Tertiary Circular Reactions (12-18 months) • “little scientists” • Toddlers intentionally try out behaviors to see the effects • Ex: flushing toilet over & over • Ex: using a sponge

  13. Substage 6: mental representations (18-24 months) • Toddlers think about the possibilities then select the actions that will get them what they want • Mental representations: having a mental picture in your mind • Deferred imitation: ability to repeat actions observed earlier • Ex: Sydney was observed feeding her baby doll and burping it. She has a baby brother and has seen her mother feed and burp him. • Mental representations can be seen in: • Play • Language: word we use are mental representations of objects, people, actions, ideas 3. Art

  14. Let’s review Piaget’s Sub stages • Stage 1: Sensorimotor • 6 sub stages • Let's Watch

  15. Piaget & Modern research • Piaget formed his theory by observing his 3 children • Modern research uses innovative statistics, research designs, sample sizes & strategies • Advanced cameras can accurately measure and rewind observations • Evidence of object permanence before 8 months • fMRI can measure brain activity by showing parts of brain that have blood flow as infant is exposed to stimuli

  16. Habituation • Habituation-Dishabituation Technique • Technique used to test infant perception. Infants are shown a stimulus repeatedly until they respond less (habituate) to it. Then a new stimulus is presented. • Habituation • The tendency of infants to reduce their response to stimuli that are presented repeatedly. • Dishabituation • The recovery or increase in infant’s response when a familiar stimulus is replaced by one that is novel.

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