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Understanding Cognitive Development in Infants

Explore Piaget's Sensorimotor Stage & the 6 sub-stages of cognitive development in infants, from reflexes to mental representations. Learn about object permanence, habituation, and modern research techniques.

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Understanding Cognitive Development in Infants

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  1. Cognitive Development in Infants What is cognitive development? What are some examples of cognitive development?

  2. Cognitive Development • Thought process • Remembering • Problem solving • Decision making • Language

  3. Sensorimotor StageStage 1 Piaget’s Cognitive Development Theory

  4. Sensorimotor Stage 0-2 years • Children are learning about their world through the use of their senses + motor activities. • Ex: watching an object move + reaching to grasp it. • Which of the senses does a baby use? • What motor action does a baby use ? • Explains why infants & toddlers are hands on • They are always getting into things!

  5. Advances in sensorimotor stage • 1.babies transition from reflexive behavior to intentional behavior • 2. develop object permanence

  6. Observation 1 Question 17,18,19 • 6 Substages of Sensorimotor Development • Substage 1: Simple reflexes (0-1 month) • Substage 2: First Habits & Primary Circular Reactions (1-4 months) • Substage 3: Secondary Circular Reactions (4-8 months) • Substage 4: Coordination of Secondary Schemes (8-12 months) • Substage 5: Tertiary Circular Reactions (12-18 months) • Substage 6: Mental Representations (18-24 months) Use the power points to answer the observation questions

  7. Substage 1: Simple reflexes (0-1 month) • Cognitive activity is based on neonatal (newborn) reflexes • Ex: sucking, rooting, grasping, stepping • Babies are learning from these reflexive behaviors • Reflexes are schemes (how we organize, process and interperit information) • Schemes are the building blocks of knowledge • Ex: grasping an object, naming animals, doing algebra, understanding numbers

  8. Substage 2:First Habits & primarycircular reactions (1-4 months) • Less reflexive & more intentional behavior by the infant • Ex: infant accidentally puts hand in his mouth & starts sucking on it. He enjoys the feeling & starts to intentionally put hand in his mouth repeatedley. • Primary= infant’s own body • Circular=once it’s discovered, it’s repeated

  9. Substage 3: SecondaryCircular Reactions (4-8 months) • Repetition of movements that occurred by chance • Ex: baby accidentally kicks toy and it light up & makes a sound. Baby enjoys the light & sound so she repeated the action. • Secondary= outside of baby’s body • Circular=once it’s discovered, it’s repeated

  10. Substage 4: Coordination of secondary schemes (8-12 months) • Baby has goals in his behavior • He wants to do something • Can coordinate his schemes in order to accomplish his goal • Ex: baby wants a toy. Crawls to the toy, pushes the ball aside, grabs the toy

  11. Substage 4: Coordination of secondary schemes (8-12 months) Observation 1 Question 19 • Object permanence: objects & people continue to exist even if we can’t see them • Having object permanence= having mental representations • Infants less than 4 months do not look for an object • Infants 4-8 months look briefly to see where object went • 8-12 months= put an object under blanket, infant will lift it to find it • A-not-B error

  12. Substage 5: Tertiary Circular Reactions (12-18 months) • “little scientists” • Toddlers intentionally try out behaviors to see the effects • Ex: flushing toilet over & over • Ex: using a sponge

  13. Substage 6: mental representations (18-24 months) • Toddlers think about the possibilities then select the actions that will get them what they want • Mental representations: having a mental picture in your mind • Deferred imitation: ability to repeat actions observed earlier • Ex: Sydney was observed feeding her baby doll and burping it. She has a baby brother and has seen her mother feed and burp him. • Mental representations can be seen in: • Play • Language: word we use are mental representations of objects, people, actions, ideas 3. Art

  14. Let’s review Piaget’s Sub stages • Stage 1: Sensorimotor • 6 sub stages • Let's Watch

  15. Piaget & Modern research • Piaget formed his theory by observing his 3 children • Modern research uses innovative statistics, research designs, sample sizes & strategies • Advanced cameras can accurately measure and rewind observations • Evidence of object permanence before 8 months • fMRI can measure brain activity by showing parts of brain that have blood flow as infant is exposed to stimuli

  16. Habituation • Habituation-Dishabituation Technique • Technique used to test infant perception. Infants are shown a stimulus repeatedly until they respond less (habituate) to it. Then a new stimulus is presented. • Habituation • The tendency of infants to reduce their response to stimuli that are presented repeatedly. • Dishabituation • The recovery or increase in infant’s response when a familiar stimulus is replaced by one that is novel.

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