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Sound in Film. Film Analysis Part Three. Origins. No completely silent period Organists, pianists or even full orchestras supplied live musicals accompaniment in theatres Sound effects created on spot by specialists October 1927: The Jazz Singer
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Sound in Film Film Analysis Part Three
Origins • No completely silent period • Organists, pianists or even full orchestras supplied live musicals accompaniment in theatres • Sound effects created on spot by specialists • October 1927: The Jazz Singer • Al Jolson says “You ain’t heard nothin’ yet!” • Not first, but most remembered
Origins (cont.) • Sound drew more ticket buyers • However, created new problems technically: • Cameras in sound proof boxes • Actors close to microphones • Emphasized speech more than movement • In theatres- can’t keep up reels with sound • Comical misalignments (male voice with female) • Movietone sound-on-film standard by 1931
Diegetic Sound • Sound in film divided into two major categories: diegetic and non-diegetic • Diegetic: sound that is within the world of the film • Dialogue • Sounds made by objects in the story • Example: Pulp Fiction (0:00-0:30) • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xNe3mp7ross&feature=related
Non-Diegetic Sound • Sound that is not present within the world of the film: • Score (aka background music) • Narrator’s commentary • Example: The Breakfast Club ( • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sv1I4q6lOpo
Diegetic or Non-Diegetic? • Which is which? • Scene Number One (0:00-0:10): http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hNv5sPu0C1E • Scene Number Two (0:00-0:35): http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hHgvErjAbpo
Categories • Three main kinds of sound: • Dialogue • Sound Effects • Score • Popular Song
Sound Effects • All other sound (except most dialogue) is added later • Foley is performed while watching projected film and is sometimes called “walking Foley” b/c of footsteps required • The Foley techniques are named for Jack Foley, a sound editor at Universal Studios • Car engines, explosions, etc. are added by the sound effects editor(s)
Foley Artists • Foley artists at work • View film while creating sounds
Musical Score • Film score conveys mood, emotion and character in ways dialogue cannot • 1908 first score tailored for film • Leitmotif: short musical phrase representing and recurring with a character, situation or emotion (examples: Jaws, Star Wars) • Hints at unspoken conflicts or feelings • Film scores are usually composed after the film has finished shooting.
Songs • Use of existing popular songs, composer takes advantage of the audience’s prior associations with music. • Well-known songs can establish historical periods/time • Original songs, written specifically for a film, may highlight a particular moment or entire film’s theme • In musicals, songs function as a type of dialogue—closely interwoven with script • Songs for musicals are written and recorded before production begins.
Guessing Game • Scene One: Wayne’s World (0:18- 0:45)http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=STt9dqPsFTE&feature=related • A. Dialogue • B. Sound effect • C. Score • D. Use of Popular Song • Scene Two: The Social Network (0:20-1:34) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mehUC5l-lGM&list=PLB2DE32871180A772 • A. Dialogue • B. Sound effect • C. Score • D. Popular Song
Guessing Game (cont.) • Scene Three: Star Wars Episode One: The Phantom Menace http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NQxrJBNQg4A • A. Dialogue • B. Sound effect • C. Score • D. Use of Popular Song • Scene Two: The Last of the Mohicans (2:00-3:00) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E9SEFMIBwAs • A. Dialogue • B. Sound effect • C. Score • D. Popular Song