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Sound and music in film. Sound in the silent period (1895-1927). Lecturers and narrators Traveling dialogue players Production and use of sound effects machines Organ and piano accompaniment Pipe organs with sound effects Specially composed orchestral scores.
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Sound in the silent period (1895-1927) • Lecturers and narrators • Traveling dialogue players • Production and use of sound effects machines • Organ and piano accompaniment • Pipe organs with sound effects • Specially composed orchestral scores
Stages of sound production • Recording • dialogue, sound effects, and music • Foley artists • ADR or automatic dialogue replacement • Editing • Mixing
Sound perspective • Close vs. distant miking • Reverberation • Multichannel reproduction in film theaters
Stereo sound in the film theater • Lucasfilm THX • Dolby Stereo • Recent sound systems • Dolby Stereo • Dolby Digital Sound • DTS or Digital Theater Systems • Sony Dynamic Digital Sound
Dubbing vs. direct sound • With dubbing, or post-synchronization, sound and dialogue is created entirely in the studio. • Direct sound is recorded on set. Filmmaker uses only unaltered location sound.
Sound space, point of view, and levels of narration • Sound off • Voice-overs • Outside of frame; outside of diegesis • Off-screen sound • Outside of frame; within diegesis
Sound and the story space of the film • Extradiegetic sound • Music • Voice-over or sound-off • External diegetic sound • Dialogue • Sound effects • Music in setting • Internal diegetic sound • Thoughts or inner speech of characters
Narrative functions of film music • Cultural musical codes • Cinematic musical codes • emotional “barometers” • harmonic development • rhythm or pacing • formal unity • musical themes as motifs