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DNA

DNA. "The Blueprint of Life“ http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/genome/program_adv.html. DNA stands for... D _________ N ____ A ____. The earth is 150 billion m or 93 million miles from the sun. DNA by the Numbers. Each cell has about 2 m of DNA. The average human has 100 trillion cells.

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DNA

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  1. DNA "The Blueprint of Life“ http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/genome/program_adv.html

  2. DNA stands for...D_________N____A____

  3. The earth is 150 billion m or 93 million miles from the sun. DNA by the Numbers • Each cell has about 2 m of DNA. • The average human has 100 trillion cells. • The average human has enough DNA to go from the earth to the sun more than 400 times. • DNA has a diameter of only 0.000000002 m.

  4. DNA FACTS • established by James Watson and Francis Crick  • Shape of a double helix

  5. Billy Nye • Discovery of DNA video on DiscoveryED.

  6. codes for your ______  (traits) • made of repeating subunits called ________________

  7. What is a nucleotide? Has three parts:    PHOSPHATE DEOXYRIBOSE (sugar) BASE  (A,T,G,C)

  8. Base-Pair Rule Adenine <==> ________ Guanine <==> ________ The ________ of the DNA ladder are phosphate & sugar Each side isheld together by _________________

  9. Base Pair Rule One side:     A   T   A      T   C   A      T   G   C      G   G   G Other side:

  10. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qy8dk5iS1f0

  11. How the Code Works The combination of A,T,G,C determines what traits you might have, for ex. C A T C A T   =  purple hair T A C T A C  =  yellow hair

  12. Think of the bases of DNA like letters.Letters form words....Words form sentences....              *endless               combinations

  13. Let's Review What We Know About DNA 1.  DNA stands for:   De _____ ribo ______  acid 2.  What is the shape of DNA? _______________ 3.  Who established the structure of DNA?  ____________ 4.  Adenine always pairs with _______________ 5.  The sides of the DNA ladder are deoxyribose and _____ 6.  Guanine always pairs with _____________ 7.  What is the complimentary sequence:   A A T  G  C A 8.  The two sides of DNA are held together by _______ bonds. 9.  DNA is composed of repeating subunits called ______________________ 10.  What are the 4 bases that make up the rungs of the DNA ladder? _______________________________________

  14. DNA REPLICATION- the process by which DNA makes _____________________________________ _________________________ - half of the old strand is saved

  15. S phase DNA replication takes place in the S phase. G1 G2 interphase Mitosis -prophase -metaphase -anaphase -telophase • Replication takes place during ___________ phase of the cell cycle.

  16. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hfZ8o9D1tus

  17. How does DNA code for proteins? • _____ is the messenger

  18. DNA -->  RNA -->  Protein Proteins are the building blocks of the organism (traits)

  19. RNA Differs from DNA 1. RNA has a sugar _______ DNA has a sugar deoxyribose 2. RNA contains the base ______ (U) DNA has thymine (T) 3. RNA molecule is _______-stranded DNA is double-stranded

  20. RNA carries the "message" to the __________, where proteins are made

  21. Transcription -  process where RNA is made from DNATranslation - process where proteins are made from RNA

  22. Translation • Synthesis of ________ in the cytoplasm • Involves the following: 1. mRNA (codons) 2. tRNA (anticodons) 3. ribosomes 4. amino acids

  23. Genetic Code • DNA contains a ________ ________ • Every three bases on DNA stands for ONE amino acid • Each three-letter unit on mRNA is called a _______ • Most amino acids have more than one codon! • The code is nearly universal among living organisms

  24. Codons • UAG CAUGCAAAUCCUAGG • BECOMES: • UAG CAU GCA AAU CCU AGG

  25. amino acid attachment site methionine (amino acid) U A C anticodon _________ RNA (tRNA)

  26. aa2 aa1 2-tRNA 1-tRNA G A U U A C anticodon A U G C U A C U U C G A hydrogen bonds codon mRNA

  27. aa3 3-tRNA G A A Elongation peptide bond aa1 aa2 1-tRNA 2-tRNA anticodon U A C G A U A U G C U A C U U C G A hydrogen bonds codon mRNA

  28. aa3 3-tRNA G A A aa1 peptide bond aa2 1-tRNA U A C (leaves) 2-tRNA G A U A U G C U A C U U C G A mRNA Ribosomes move over one codon

  29. aa4 4-tRNA G C U peptide bonds aa1 aa2 aa3 2-tRNA 3-tRNA G A U G A A A U G C U A C U U C G A A C U mRNA

  30. aa4 4-tRNA G C U peptide bonds aa1 aa2 aa3 2-tRNA G A U (leaves) 3-tRNA G A A A U G C U A C U U C G A A C U mRNA Ribosomes move over one codon

  31. aa5 5-tRNA U G A peptide bonds aa1 aa2 aa4 aa3 3-tRNA 4-tRNA G A A G C U G C U A C U U C G A A C U mRNA

  32. aa5 5-tRNA U G A peptide bonds aa1 aa2 aa3 aa4 3-tRNA G A A 4-tRNA G C U G C U A C U U C G A A C U mRNA Ribosomes move over one codon

  33. aa5 aa4 Termination aa199 aa200 aa3 primary structure of a protein aa2 aa1 terminator or stop codon 200-tRNA A C U C A U G U U U A G mRNA

  34. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zr_O8aJKHnI&feature=related

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