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Chemistry TAKS Review

Chemistry TAKS Review. Fast Track. Density. Density = mass volume D = M V. 1. Math Tip for Density. D =. M. V. Cross Multiply. Buoyancy. Buoyancy. The force that acts on objects immersed in or floating on a liquid.

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Chemistry TAKS Review

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  1. Chemistry TAKS Review Fast Track

  2. Density Density = mass volume D = M V

  3. 1 Math Tip for Density D = M V Cross Multiply

  4. Buoyancy

  5. Buoyancy • The force that acts on objects immersed in or floating on a liquid Photo from: http://www.seed.slb.com/en/scictr/watch/bathroom/duck.htm

  6. Buoyancy • Buoyancy is related to floating • an object in a liquid is buoyed up (pushed up) by a force equal to the weight of the liquid the object displaces (pushes aside). This is known as Archimedes’ Principle. Photo from: http://www.seed.slb.com/en/scictr/watch/bathroom/duck.htm

  7. Viscosity

  8. Viscosity • Viscosity is the resistance of a liquid to flow • If a liquid flows slow, it is viscous, or has a high viscosity

  9. TSW relate the chemical behavior of an element including bonding, to its placement on the periodic table Objective 4 - (I.7D)

  10. Periodic Table of the Elements • An organized table of all the known elements

  11. Atomic Number = Number of Protons

  12. Groups • vertical columns • contains elements with similar chemical properties • EX: Li, Na, K

  13. Periods • horizontal rows • EX: K, Ca, Sc

  14. Staircase = Metalloids (metal/non-metal combo) • Right side + Hydrogen = Non-metals • Left side = Metals

  15. Transition Metals • Groups 3-12 are called transition metals

  16. Alkali Metals • Group 1 (IA) • Very reactive

  17. Valence Electron: Outer Electron Na

  18. Number of valence electrons represented by the roman numerals

  19. Note this on your periodic table Valence electrons

  20. Every element wants 8 valence electrons to be stable • Elements will lose or gain electrons (which ever is easier) to become stable

  21. Predict if an element will lose or gain electrons? How many?

  22. Charges • When electrons are gained or lost, a charge is formed 1+ Na

  23. Note this on your periodic table 1+ 0 Charges 3+ 3- 2- 1- 2+

  24. Noble Gases • Group 18 (8A) • Very stable & will not lose or gain electrons • Unreactive

  25. Writing Formulas

  26. To make an ionic compound, the charges must cancel out 1+ 0 Charges 3+ 3- 2- 1- 2+

  27. Goal: Cancel out the charges Example: Magnesium + bromine Mg+2 Br- I need two bromines to cancel out with 1 Mg + - + - MgBr2

  28. Criss Cross Method Mg Br + - 2 1

  29. Criss Cross Method MgBr2

  30. Criss Cross Method SO4 Al - 2 + 3

  31. Criss Cross Method ( ) Al2 SO4 3

  32. o o o o o o s S s o o o o o o Al2(SO4)3 SO4 Al Al

  33. Physical Changes More Examples • Cutting • Breaking apart

  34. Law of Conservation of Mass Mass can not be created or destroyed

  35. Using the Law of Conservation of mass 2H2 + O2 2H2O H2O(s)  H2O(l) C + O2  CO2 100 grams 50 grams ? 150 grams 32 grams 32 grams 20 grams ? 60 grams 40 grams

  36. Balancing Equations

  37. A reaction must be balanced to obey the law of conservation of mass • Non-balanced Reaction H2 + O2 H2O • Balanced Reaction 2H2 + O2 2H2O

  38. How to balance a reaction • Step one: list all the element symbols under the arrow of a reaction H2 + O2 H2O H O

  39. How to balance a reaction • Step two: count how many of each atom you have on each side of the reaction H2 + O2 H2O 2 H 2 2 1 O

  40. Coefficients • Numbers that are placed in front of a compound/molecules in a reaction

  41. How to balance a reaction • Step three: add coefficients to the compounds to help make each element even on both sides H2 + O2 H2O 2 2 4 4 2 H 2 2 2 1 O

  42. The reaction 2 2 H2 + O2 H2O

  43. Balance Me! 2 4 2 2 2 ___ XeF2 + ___ H2O  __ Xe + __ O2 + __ HF 2 2 1 Xe 1 4 2 4 2 F 1 4 2 4 2 H 1 2 1 2 O

  44. Ionsin solution Objective 4: IPC 9B TSW relate the concentration of ions in a solution to physical and chemical properties such as pH, electrolytic behavior, and reactivity

  45. Distilled water is pure water. It has no ions in it at all. • An ion is any substance that has a charge. A charge is indicated by a + or - sign. • Ions in solution (dissolved minerals) can conduct electricity.

  46. Litmus Paper D B Aci ase Re lue

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