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Warm Up:

Warm Up:. What does a nation need to do to prepare to go to war?. Chapter 8. Section 3. Mobilizing the Economy. Going to war was an enormous, and expensive, undertaking War Revenue Act 1917 Raised taxes to pay for the war The wealthiest Americans were taxes 77% of their income

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Warm Up:

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  1. Warm Up: What does a nation need to do to prepare to go to war?

  2. Chapter 8 Section 3

  3. Mobilizing the Economy • Going to war was an enormous, and expensive, undertaking War Revenue Act 1917 • Raised taxes to pay for the war • The wealthiest Americans were taxes 77% of their income • Increased federal revenue by 400% within 2 years

  4. Mobilizing the Economy • The government also borrowed money to pay for the war National debt grew drastically • 1916: $1.2 billion • 1919: $25.5 billion

  5. Mobilizing the Economy Liberty Bonds • Bonds were loans from the American people to the federal government • Massive propaganda campaigns were created to sell these bonds • Appealed to patriotism, fear, sympathy for war victims in Europe

  6. Liberty Bonds

  7. Liberty Bonds

  8. Liberty Bonds

  9. Regulating Industry • Goal to ensure the troops received all of the supplies they needed. • Congress created hundreds of administrative boards • regulated industrial and agricultural production

  10. Regulating Industry War Industries Board (WIB) • Power to regulate all materials needed for the war effort. • “No steel, copper, cement, rubber, or other basic materials could be used without our approval” • Industrial production increased by 20% • Once needs of the military were met, remaining goods could be used for civilians.

  11. Regulating Food Lever Food and Fuel Act • Gave Congress the power to set prices and establish production controls for food and fuel needed for the military.

  12. Regulating Food Food Administration • Goal to increase the production of crops, conserve existing food supplies for military purposes • Promised higher prices for farmers • production soared

  13. Regulating Food Victory Gardens • Americans encouraged to plant fruit and vegetables at home

  14. Regulating Food Prohibition on alcohol • Most alcohol is made using food crops - grapes or wheat • Congress limited the alcohol content in beer and wine • Beer production linked to Germany Eighteenth Amendment 1919 • Banned the sale and transport of alcohol in the U.S.

  15. Regulating Fuel Fuel Administration • Set production goals for fuel • Fuel conservation encouraged • Daylight Savings Time introduced

  16. Mobilizing Workers • War Demands led to laborers working long hours in harsh conditions • Urgent need led to increased speed of production • Harsh conditions led to more workers joining unions • Union membership increased 60% between 1916 - 1919 • 6,000 strikes held during the war

  17. National War Labor Board • Created to minimize industrial disruptions to war effort • Judged disputes between workers and management Goal to improve work conditions • 8 hour workday • Recognized labor unions • Equal pay for women who did equal work

  18. Women’s War Effort • As men left jobs to become soldiers, women moved into jobs to keep economy going • Took jobs traditionally held by men: - Railroads, docks, factories • 1 million women entered the workforce • Most were forced out when men returned home

  19. Winning Support • Propaganda- posters, newspapers, stories, speeches and other materials designed to influence people’s opinions. Committee on Public Information (CPI) • Goal was to encourage people to support the war

  20. Limiting Anti-War Speech • Some reformers spoke out against the war Espionage Act 1917 • Punished people for aiding the enemy or refusing military duty Sedition Act 1918 • Illegal for Americans to criticize the government

  21. Limiting Anti-War Speech • Over 1,000 jailed under these laws • Eugene Debs sentenced to 10 years in prison for criticizing the Espionage Act Schneck v United States • Court ruled some limits can be made to free speech during war time • “clear and present danger” • Schneck’s intent was to interfere with the draft, • the court ruled the 1st amendment does not protect this activity

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