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Thoracic Radiology of the Dog

Thoracic Radiology of the Dog. Dr. LeeAnn Pack Dipl. ACVR. Indications Technical factors Normal radiographic anatomy Pulmonary vasculature Alveolar lung pattern ABC’s Bronchial Lung Ds. Cardiology PDA Pulmonic stenosis Aortic stenosis Mitral insufficiency DCM Heartworm Disease

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Thoracic Radiology of the Dog

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  1. Thoracic Radiology of the Dog Dr. LeeAnn Pack Dipl. ACVR

  2. Indications Technical factors Normal radiographic anatomy Pulmonary vasculature Alveolar lung pattern ABC’s Bronchial Lung Ds Cardiology PDA Pulmonic stenosis Aortic stenosis Mitral insufficiency DCM Heartworm Disease Pleural Effusion Primary Lung Tumors Pulmonary Nodules Megaesophagus Thoracic Radiology of the Dog

  3. Indications • Coughing • Dyspnea • Cardiovascular disease • Thoracic trauma • Assessment of primary or secondary neoplasia • Regurgitation of food • Other abnormalities detected on PE

  4. Technical Factors • Potential for movement • Low mAs • High inherent contrast • Low kVp • INSPIRATION • Collimation/centering

  5. Inspiration vs. Expiration

  6. Normal Radiographic Anatomy • Heart • 2 ½ to 3 ½ intercostal spaces wide on lateral view • < 65% of the width of the thorax on the VD view • “clock face” • Lung lobes

  7. Chamber Location

  8. Pulmonary Vasculature • Cranial pulmonary vessels • Lateral view • Artery = dorsal, vein = ventral • Diameter of vessels at the 4th ICS should not exceed the diameter of the proximal portion of the 3rd rib

  9. Cranial Pulmonary Vessels

  10. Pulmonary Vasculature • Caudal pulmonary vessels • DV view • Artery = lateral, Vein = medial • Vessels should not exceed the diameter of the 9th rib where they cross it

  11. Alveolar Lung Pattern • Hallmark = air bronchograms • Consolidation = alveoli filled with fluid/cells • Retains shape • Atelectasis = collapse of alveolar lung space • Lobe size decreased, mediastinal shift possible

  12. Air Bronchogram

  13. Alveolar Lung Pattern • Lobar sign • Summation – superimposed over cardiac silhouette • May not see pulmonary vessels in area of pattern due to soft tissue opacity

  14. Nice Air Bronchograms 

  15. The ABC’s

  16. A • Atelectasis • General anx • Recumbent animals • Dependent lung lobes affected • Aspiration pneumonia • Cranial,cranioventral lung lobes affected • Megaesophagus • Post anesthesia

  17. B • Bronchopneumonia • Cranioventral, ventral • Bacterial pneumonia • Cranioventral, ventral

  18. C • Contusion • History of trauma • Rib fractures • Distribution varies

  19. D • Dirofilariasis • Most common cause of thromboembolic disease • Increased lung opacity • Mixed interstitial – alveolar • Caudodorsal distribution

  20. E • Edema • CARDIOGENIC • Left heart failure • Perihilar, symmetrical • NON-CARDIOGENIC • Electrocution • Salt water drowning • Seizures • caudodorsal

  21. Cardiogenic Edema

  22. Non Cardiogenic Edema Lateral

  23. Non Cardiogenic Edema VD’s

  24. F • Foreign Body • Located in bronchus • Affected area depends on affected bronchus

  25. G • Granulomatous • Fungal • Eosinophilic • Variable distribution

  26. H • Hemorrhage • Distribution variable depending on the cause • Trauma • Rib fractures • Coagulopathy • Patchy, generalized

  27. Bronchial Lung Disease

  28. Bronchial – RR Tracks

  29. Bronchial

  30. Donuts

  31. Bronchial Lung Disease

  32. Bronchial Lung Disease

  33. Feline Asthma

  34. Feline Asthma

  35. Cardiology • Congenital • Acquired • Small breeds • Large breeds • Younger • Older

  36. Patent Ductus Arteriosis • Enlargement of the descending aorta • Enlargement also of the: • Main pulmonary artery • Left atrium • Left auricle • Vessels enlarged, lungs over-circulated • Poodle, pom, collie, GSD, sheltie

  37. PDA

  38. PDA

  39. Pulmonic Stenosis • Malformation of the pulmonic valve • Enlargement of the main pulmonic aa • Right ventricular enlargement • Vessels normal to small • Beagle, English Bulldog, Samoyed, mastiff, boxer

  40. PS

  41. Aortic Stenosis • Narrowing of the subvalvular region of the left ventricle • Aortic arch enlarged • Left ventricle enlarged • Vessels normal • GSD, Newfoundland, Boxer, golden retriever, rott

  42. AS

  43. Mitral Insufficiency • Primary degeneration of the mitral valve leaflets • Regurg through the valve  left atrial enlargement • Pulmonary veins enlarged • Pulmonary edema due to left heart failure

  44. Mitral Insufficiency

  45. Severe Left Atrial Enlargement

  46. Splitting of the MSB

  47. Compression at Carina

  48. Dilated Cardiomyopathy • Cardiac chamber enlargement + systolic ventricular dysfunction ~ impaired cardiac contractility • Generalized cardiomegaly • Vessels may be enlarged • Pleural effusion due to right heart failure • Dobe, Great Dane, Newfoundland, Irish Wolfhound

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