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States of Matter Chapter 22

States of Matter Chapter 22. Matter – anything that takes up space and has mass. Matter does not have to be visible (air is Matter). Matter is made up of: Atoms Molecules Ions. Particles are in constant motion Each particle pulls other particles toward itself.

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States of Matter Chapter 22

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  1. States of MatterChapter 22

  2. Matter – anything that takes up space and has mass. • Matter does not have to be visible (air is Matter). • Matter is made up of: • Atoms Molecules Ions

  3. Particles are in constant motion Each particle pulls other particles toward itself. The motion of the particles and the strength of attraction between the particles determine a material’s state of matter.

  4. Three states of Matter Solid Liquid Gas Plasma Solids – matter that has a definite shape and volume. In a solid, the particles do not have enough energy to move out of their fixed positions.

  5. Crystalline Solids – Particles are arranged in a repeating, three-dimensional pattern called a crystal. Amorphous Solids – Particles are found in a random arrangement. ex: Rubber Plastic Glass

  6. Liquids – Matter that has a definite volume but no definite shape. (Liquid takes the shape of the container you pour it into). Viscosity – A liquid’s resistance to flow. The slower the liquid flows the higher the viscosity of the liquid. ex: Syrup has a high viscosity. Water has a low viscosity.

  7. Surface Tension – The uneven forces acting on the particles on the surface of a liquid. Surface tension exists because the particles at the surface experience different forces than those at the center of the liquid. Particles beneath the surface of a liquid are pulled in all directions. Particles at the surface of a liquid are pulled toward the center of the liquid and sideways along the surface. Picture pg. 655

  8. Gases – Matter that does not have a definite shape or volume. The particles in a gas are much farther apart that those in a liquid or solid. Particles move at high speeds in all directions. They will spread out evenly, as far apart as possible. A gas can expand or be compressed. Decreasing the volume of the container squeezes the gas particles closer together.

  9. Vapor – Matter that exists in the gas state but is generally a liquid or solid at room temperature. Example: Water is a liquid at room temperature. Water vapor is the term for the gas state of water.

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