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The Voyage Public Speaking

This guide offers practical tips and techniques to reduce anxiety and improve public speaking skills. Topics covered include understanding the communication process, adapting to the audience, and organizing an effective speech.

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The Voyage Public Speaking

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  1. The VoyagePublic Speaking Adapted from materials provided by Allyn and Bacon

  2. Public Speaking Produces Anxiety in Most People People’s Biggest Fears 3. Death 2. Snakes 1. Public Speaking

  3. Reducing Anxiety - Understand... • The Communication Process • Your Purpose • People Want To Like You

  4. Overcoming Speech Anxiety • Acknowledge Your Fear • Act Confident • Channel Nervous Energy

  5. Overcoming Speech Anxiety (con’t) • Practice, Practice, Practice • Simulate Setting at Home • Ask Friends to Be Practice Audience

  6. Overcoming Speech Anxiety (con’t) • Visualize Your Success • Use Deep-breathing Techniques • Focus on Message, not Fear • Give Yourself a Mental Pep Talk

  7. Sender/Receiver Encoder/Decoder Message Channel Understand Communication Process and Barriers

  8. Receivers/ Decoders Feedback Sender/ Encoder Message & Channel Frames of Reference Feedforward Noise Frame of Reference Context Understand Communication Process and Barriers

  9. Understand Audience and Listening • People Think Faster Than Hear • Have Short Attention Span • Jump to Conclusions • Easily Distracted

  10. Listening Remedies • Keep Speech Focused • Divide Speech into Compact Segments • Analyze Audience Carefully • Adapt to Situation

  11. + Amount of Speech Remembered - + Time Understand Audience Memory

  12. Understand The Speech Context • Audience • Setting

  13. Context - The Audience • Size • Demographics • Beliefs and Values • Receptive/Antagonistic

  14. Context - The Setting • Indoor/Outdoor • Size and Shape of Room • Arrangement of Seating • Equipment Available • Lighting • Acoustics

  15. Understand & Define Your Purpose • Inform • Persuade • Entertain • Introduce • Eulogize • Accept • Pay Tribute

  16. Understand the Speech Making Process • Choosing/Narrowing a Topic • Researching Topic • Organizing Your Speech • Developing an Outline • Developing Visual Aids • Rehearsing Speech • Delivering Speech

  17. Choosing an Appropriate Topic • Is It Important to You? • Is It Important to Your Audience? • Will It Hold Audience’s Attention? • Is It Manageable in the Time Available? • Is It Appropriate for Oral Presentation? • Is It Clear?

  18. The 4-H Voyage will provide the skills needed to succeed at DPA and in life . Develop Central Idea Write a one sentence summary of speech.

  19. Generate Main Idea • Does It Have Logical Divisions? • Are There Reasons Why It Is True? • Can You Support It? A... B... C... Because...

  20. Narrowing a Topic - Example Protecting the Environment Water Quality in My State Well Water Problems Utilizing Home Well Assessments to Reduce Contamination Risk

  21. Getting Topic Feedback • From Members of Potential Audience • From Friends • From Family

  22. Researching Topic and Finding Supporting Material • Sources of Supporting Material • Types of Supporting Material • Tests of Supporting Material

  23. Sources of Supporting Material • Libraries • Books • Periodicals • Newspapers • Reference Materials • CD-ROM Data Bases • Government Documents

  24. Sources of Supporting Material (con’t) • The Internet/World Wide Web • Search Engines • Infoseek • Yahoo • Lycos • HotBot • Google • Online Libraries

  25. Types of Supporting Material • Common Knowledge • Direct Observation • Examples & Illustrations • Explanations & Descriptions • Documents

  26. Tests of Supporting Material • Is Information Specific? • Is Source an Expert? • Is Source Unbiased? • Is Information Timely?

  27. Tests of Supporting Material (con’t) • Is Information Relevant to Point Made? • Does Information Support the Point? • Is Information Timely?

  28. Special Considerations for Online Information • In Physical Print, Quality Is Controlled by Experts • Journals - Peer Review • Periodicals - Editors • Published Texts - Editors, Librarians • Online, Must Do Own Quality Control • Beware! Everything On the Web Is Not ALL True

  29. Organizing Your Speech • Chronological • Topical • Spatial • Cause-Effect • Problem-Solution • Comparison- Contrast

  30. Preliminary Outline (Rough-Draft) Main points to research Types of Outlines • Preparation Outline • Title & Topic • Purpose • Introduction • Main and Sub-Points • Transitions • Conclusion • Support/Evidence

  31. Types of Outlines • Speaker’s Outline • Introduction • Main Point • Support • Transitions • Conclusion

  32. Ethics in Speech Preparation - Researching • Take Accurate Notes When Researching • Record Complete Source Citations • Credit Source of Ideas • When in Doubt, Cite Source

  33. Don’t Use Someone Else’s Speech!

  34. Introductions Types Functions

  35. Types of Introductions • Identification with Audience • Reference to Situation • Statement of Purpose • Statement of Importance of Topic • Surprise Audience with Claim or Statistic

  36. Types of Introductions (con’t) • Anecdotal Story • Rhetorical Question • Quotation • Humor “So there I was at the summit of Mt. Killimanjaro, and I turned to the guide and said…”

  37. Functions of Introductions • Get Attention • Introduce Topic • Provide Motivation • Establish Credibility • Preview Speech

  38. Conclusions Types Functions

  39. Types of Conclusions • Summary • Quotation • Personal Reference • Challenge to Audience • Offer Vision of the Future

  40. Types of Conclusions • Anecdotal Story • Rhetorical Question • Quotation • Humor Remember what Dwight D. Eisenhower once said, “Things are more like they are now, than they have ever been before.”

  41. Functions of Conclusions • Summarize Speech • Reemphasize Main Idea • Motivate Response • Provide Closure

  42. Using Visual Aids • What are the benefits? • How will they effect attention? • How will they effect memory?

  43. Zayas-Baya, 1977 Memory and Visual Aids

  44. Guidelines for Using Visual Aids • Make It Easy to See • Keep It Simple • Make It Consistent with Objective • Maintain Eye Contact • Talk about Visual Aid

  45. More Guidelines for Using Visual Aids • Don’t Pass Items Around • No Dangerous or Illegal Aids • Avoid Using Live Animals • Prepare for Problems (Have Backups)

  46. Types of Visual Aids • Slides • Posters • Objects • Models • Handouts

  47. Design Rules for Visual Aids - Size 72 PT 60 PT 44 PT 36 PT 32 PT 28 PT 24 PT 18 PT 14 PT Relative Type Sizes in Points

  48. Design Rules for Visual Aids - Color

  49. Design Rules for Visual Aids - Typeface

  50. Design Rules for Visual Aids -Alignment & Proximity

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