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The Roman Emperors

The Roman Emperors. Information for teachers. For students. objectives. Given this PowerPoint, students will be able to identify the years which an emperor reigned, taking a quiz with 80% accuracy.

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The Roman Emperors

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  1. The Roman Emperors

  2. Information for teachers For students

  3. objectives • Given this PowerPoint, students will be able to identify the years which an emperor reigned, taking a quiz with 80% accuracy. • Given this PowerPoint, students will name who an emperor allied with, taking a quiz with 80% accuracy. • Given this PowerPoint, students will identify which emperor reigned during a certain battle or conquest, taking a quiz with 80% accuracy. • Given this PowerPoint, students will be able to identify how an emperor died, taking a quiz with 80% accuracy.

  4. Target audience • Grades 9-12 • History class with basic knowledge of the Roman Empire. • Standard high school students • Middle class community

  5. Learning environment • At home or at a computer lab alone • Quiet area conducive to learning • Access to paper/pencil to take notes if desired

  6. Main Menu 1. Emperors 2. Summary Video 3. Practice Quiz 4. Quiz 5. References

  7. Emperors 1. Julius Caesar 2. Augustus 4. Caligula 3. Tiberius

  8. Julius Caesar

  9. background • Lived 100 BC – 44 BC • Reigned as emperor 46 BC – 44 BC • During this time he helped gradually transform the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire.

  10. Gaining Power • The nobility in Rome was in chaos and there was a strong need for direction. • Caesar allied himself against the nobility and slowly gained power. • He became the governor of Farther Spain • Then, in 60 BC he returned to Rome and was elected consul.

  11. First triumvirate • Caesar now allied himself with Pompey, a war hero, and Crassus, a multimillionaire. • Although Pompey and Crassus were rivals, Caesar brought them together forming a powerful “first triumvirate”. Pompey Crassus

  12. Conquest of Gaul • Occurred 51 BC • By conquering Gaul, Rome’s territory was extended to the English Channel and the Rhine. • Then, they built a bridge across the Rhine and invaded Britain. The Roman Republic after Caesar’s conquests

  13. Failing Alliance • Crassus died in battle in 53 BC • Pompey was jealous of Caesar’s success so he turned on Caesar and joined the Senate in a revolt against him. • They accused Caesar of treason and insubordination.

  14. Civil War • Feeling threatened, Caesar took a legion of troops across the Rubicon river in to Italy in January 49 BC and started a civil war. • Caesar was victorious and was made dictator of Rome • Caesar still felt threatened, and since he had no sons he adopted his nephew Augustus to take over when he died. Augustus

  15. The ides of March • A group of senators, led by Marcus Brutus, assassinated Julius Caesar on the Ides of March (March 15 44 BC) • This led to a series of civil wars and then Caesar’s adopted son Augustus took over and established the Roman Empire.

  16. Augustus

  17. background • Augustus was originally named Octavius • He lived 62 BC- 14 AD • He was adopted by Caesar to be his heir • When Caesar was assassinated, Augustus took over and ruled 27 BC- 14 AD • He is considered the first emperor of the Roman Empire

  18. Second Triumvirate • Augustus formed a second triumvirate with Marc Antony, a general. • Together, they expanded the empire and split the profit. • Augustus took Rome • Antony took Egypt Marc Antony

  19. An Alliance threatened • Antony fell in love with Cleopatra, the queen of Egypt. • Augustus was concerned that Cleopatra wanted his throne, so tensions were high and the second triumvirate dissolved.

  20. Battle of Actium • With the alliance broken, in 31 BC Augustus attacked Egypt and destroyed the majority of the Egyptian fleet. So the Roman Empire expanded to include Egypt. • After his defeat in the Battle of Actium, Marc Antony committed suicide.

  21. Becoming emperor • At this point, Augustus was now considered the emperor of Rome. • He was gaining power because of financial resources, loyalty of soldiers and veterans, authority of honors granted by the Senate, and the respect of the people. • He was able to eliminate Senate opposition with his army.

  22. Pax Romana • Pax Romana means “Roman peace” • For two centuries he was able to keep Rome peaceful. • He expanded the Empire to include Egypt, northern Spain, central Europe, and Germany. • He also made peace with Parthia through diplomacy.

  23. Building a city • Augustus improved Rome by: • Reforming taxation system • Developing networks of roads • Establishing a standing army • Establishing the Praetorian Guard • Creating official police and fire-fighting services

  24. End of his reign • Augustus died in 14 BC • The Senate declared him a god to be worshipped by the Romans. • The eighth month of the Roman calendar was renamed Augustus after him (August in English).

  25. tiberius

  26. Background • Lived 42 BC-37 AD • His mother divorced and remarried Augustus, making Tiberius the step-son of Augustus. • He was later adopted by Augustus. • Tiberius reigned as emperor 14 AD-37 AD

  27. Trouble early on • In order to gain the Senate’s trust, he tried to act reluctant to accept his power. • His attempts failed and he looked derisive and obstructive. • He was not trusted.

  28. Germanicus • Armies were threatening to mutiny because they had not received their bonus that Augustus had promised them. • Tiberius sent his nephew Germanicus to alleviate the problem. • Germanicus rallied the troops and led them to victory against Germanic tribes. Whatever treasure the troops could find was their bonus.

  29. The fall of germanicus • Because of his efforts, Germanicus was gaining popularity. • Tiberius was afraid of losing his throne to Germanicus, so he appointed him to be the governor of a remote eastern province. • Germanicus mysteriously died in 19 AD.It is thought that Tiberius was behind it.

  30. A New strategy • Tiberius decided to rely on Lucius Sejanus. • Slowly, Tiberius began to withdraw from his responsibilities. • In 26 AD, he withdrew to Villa Jovis at the island of Capri and left Sejanus in charge of Rome. Ruins of Villa Jovis

  31. A mistake • Sejanus abused the power given to him by removing Senators or any possible threats from their positions. • He also killed Germanicus’ entire family except for Caligula, the youngest son. Sejanus

  32. A plot • Sejanus was creating a plot to overthrow Tiberius and take over the throne. • However, Tiberius found out and sent a letter to the Senate. It condemned Sejanus and ordered his execution.

  33. Tiberius’ Death • Tiberius died in 37 AD. • Tiberius was very unpopular among the Romans and no one mourned his death. • Caligula, the only remaining son of Germanicus, took over the throne as heir.

  34. Caligula

  35. Background • Lived 12-41 AD • Reigned 37-41 AD • People hoped that after the oppression of Tiberius, that Caligula would rejuvenate Rome.

  36. Early Reign • At first, Caligula looked promising. He brought back many of the people exiled by Tiberius and seemed to be working in the best interests of Rome. • However, 7 months into his reign, he became ill. • After his recovery, he acted strange. People questioned if he had gone crazy.

  37. A turn for the worse • Caligula began to pretend that he was a god. • Then he became murderous and started executing many people for treason. • Once he was about to make a sacrifice to the gods, and just as he was about to strike the animal, he threw a mallet at a priest killing him instantly.

  38. Blackmail and robbery • Caligula spent all of Rome’s money, so he began blackmailing families and taking their property. • Then in another attempt to get more money, he took troops to Gaul and robbed all of the citizens. • When they were about to invade Britain, Caligula made his troops stop in order to collect seashells as “spoils of the conquered ocean”.

  39. Assassination • Plots against Caligula’s life were common. Everyone hated him and feared him for his eccentric behavior. • In 41 AD he was murdered by his closest advisors.

  40. Summary Video

  41. Practice Quiz

  42. Question 1 When did Julius Caesar rule as emperor? 27 BC - 14 AD A B 46 – 44 BC 45 – 37 BC 44 – 42 BC C D

  43. Try again! Hint: Julius Caesar was not alive during the years in AD.

  44. Try again! Hint: Julius Caesar died before 37 BC

  45. Try again! Hint:Julius Caesar died before 42 BC

  46. Correct! Good job!! Move on to the next question.

  47. Question 2 What emperor ruled during the Battle of Actium? Augustus Julius Caesar A B Caligula Tiberius C D

  48. Try again! Hint: Julius Caesar died before the Battle of Actium.

  49. Try again! Hint: Caligula reigned after the Battle of Actium.

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