Results Based Management- Developing regional development plans

1. Results Based Management-Developing regional development plans Professor S.P.Premaratna Department of Economics, University of Colombo spp@econ.cmb.ac.lk 077 339323

2. Road map…… • Planning tools: RBM approach understanding • RBM tools • Case study • Group work

3. Road map……

6. MfRD – Managing for Development Results • An approach focusing on performance management and effective and efficient results delivery • It focuses on achievement of outputs, outcomes and impacts

7. RBM – Results Based Management • RBM (Results Based Management) is the tool to achieve MfDR • RBM is a management approach aimed to improve management effectiveness and accountability in achieving results

8. RBM Life-Cycle Approach Need assessment Stakeholder analysis Problem tree Objective tree Log-frame M&E plan Baseline study Monitoring Mid-term review Mid-term evaluation Final evaluation Use of evaluation Source: UNDP. (2009). Handbook on Planning, Monitoring and Evaluating for Development Results.

9. RBM focuses achieving defined and measurable results and impact • A management strategy focused on achieving RESULTS • With processes and inputs for desired RESULTS • Ensure accountability for RESULTS • Monitoring the progress towards RESULTS • Assessment and reporting on the performance of the expected RESULTS

10. Why need RBM? • Competition for Limited Public Resources • Maximum Utilization • Maximum value for money spenton development projects Source: Greg Armstrong. RBM Training (http://www.rbmtraining.com)

11. RBM represents a shift in focus: • From INPUTS and ACTIVITIES to OUTPUTS and OUTCOMES (and IMPACTS) • It is a shift from Compliance to Results How much money was spent on road building? To what extent were the roads used What effect did the increased number of roads have on the local economy?

12. RBM Results Ladder (or Results Chain) Impact • The core of RBM is the results ladder or the results chain Outcomes Outputs Activities Inputs Activities Outcomes Outputs Impacts

13. What is RBM Results Chain • The levels of results: • Short-term results or outputs; • Medium-term results or outcomes; and, • Longer-term results or impact. • Linked together: Results Chain. Source: Support to the Implementation of the Action Plan (SIAP) -2007: Results-Based Management: Logical Framework Approach

14. Activities & Inputs • Inputs: Resources (human, material, financial and other) • Activity: Actions (or a set of tasks) that need to be carried out to produce an output (e.g. training, counseling, treatment etc.) by mobilizing inputs • Task: A sub-set of an activity. (e.g. curriculum preparation, patient registration)

15. Definitions & Relanships • Positive or negative or Both, • Primary or secondary or both • Long-termeffects produced by a development intervention • Directly or Indirectly or both , • Intended or Unintended or both. Impact Outcome • The likely or achieved short-term and • medium-term effects of an intervention’s • outputs. Output The products and services resulted from the completion of activitieswithin a development intervention.

16. OUTPUTS: Within control • Outputs are generally regarded as the goods and services produced by a program towards achieving one or more outcomes Example: • Knowledge and skills gained by farmers These are immediate results as a consequence of activities

17. OUTCOME: Uncontrollable • The changes or effects of the outputs produced by a program. • Outcomes are typically associated with each program/project. • Each program/project is expected to produce one or more outcomes that are directly linked with the needs/ problems of its beneficiary group/s. Example: • Improved income for farmers • Improved pass rates in education system • Increased trade or economic activities

18. IMPACT: Long term macro level • The changes or effects that take place as a consequence of one or more outcomes. • Impact is typically a shared result contributed to by one or more outcomes arising from one or more programs. • Impact may be long or medium term but not necessarily. • It is more of a follow-through consequence of one or more outcomes rather than strictly time-bound Example: • Improved quality of life of farmers • Improved GDP Long term effects that are the logical consequence of the achievement of the outcomes

19. Hierarchy of RBM Terms Sustainable improvements in society or well-being of people Changes in behavior or improvements in access or quality of services/resources Products of the project/ program activities Activities done by a project/program Resources needed to undertake activities Source: SIAP.(2007).Results-Based Management: Logical Framework Approach

20. THE RESULTS CHAINSource: Results Framework and M&E Guidance Note, World Bank, 2013

22. Types of Change along with Results Impact Changes in the lives of people Institutional Change: values, laws – associated with institutional performance, new institutions Behavioural change: new attitudes, practices Outcomes Outputs • Operational Change: • Products and services – knowledge, skills

23. Results-Chain Effectiveness Efficiency Inputs Activities Outputs Outcomes Impact Indicators Assumptions/Risks

24. RBM &RESULTS How What we want Why Inputs Activities RESULTS Results Outputs Outcomes Impacts Inputs Activities

25. Inputs Activities Expected outputs Short-term outcomes Medium term outcomes Impacts Key RBM Terms in Results Chain • Medium-term • Outcomes • Long-term • Impact • Short-term • Outputs • Activities • Society • Intermediate • users • End users • Inputs Results-chain in accordance with Results-Based Management (RBM) Source: SIAP.(2007).Results-Based Management: Logical Framework Approach

26. RBM differs from the traditional management approach with regard to perception of results

27. RMB Approach & Focus (Example)

28. RBM can be carried out using various tools such as: • Results framework • Stakeholder Analysis • Problem Tree • Objective Tree Analysis

29. Results framework

30. Impact Outcome Outcome Output Output Output Activities Inputs Activities Inputs Activities Inputs Activities Inputs Results Framework – Internal Logic

31. Result-Based Strategic Planning: “Designing from Right to Left” Strategic Planning • 4 • 3 • 2 • 1 • Resources/ • Inputs • Means/ • Processes/ • Activities • Objectives/ • Outputs • Goals/ • Outcomes • Human Resource System, Capital System and Implementation Factors, IT System • Indicators, Time Frame, Quantitative, Qualitative • Indicators, Time Frame, Quantitative, Qualitative • Steps, Time Frame, Budget, Rules and Regulation Implementation Planning

32. Examples for Results Framework: Health & Water

33. Stakeholder analysis

34. Primary stakeholders (Target group) • Those directly benefiting from the program or project • Secondary stakeholders • Those having an interest or influence on what has been achieved (results)

35. In RBM we focus on Stakeholder Analysis (using stakeholder matrix) Power Interest

36. Problem Analysis & Objective Analysis through Problem Tree And Objective Tree

37. Problem Tree Purpose: • To find out major problems and their main causal relationships Output • Problem tree with cause and effect

39. PROBLEM TREE ANALYSIS

41. PROBLEM TREE Effekr Effects Focal Problem Causes

42. EXAMPLE on a PROBLEM TREE Bus company gets a bad reputation Disabled people Highcost for hospital care Effekr Buses aredelayed Peopledie and get injured High number of bus accidents Careless busdrivers Buses in poor condition Roads in poorcondition Stress Poor maintenance Alcoholabuse Old buses Poormaintenace Bad trafficsituation Tight schedule No maintenance routines Corruption Weak knowledge on manintenace Toofew drivers and buses Weak management capacity at the bus company

47. Objective tree • The objective tree is the opposite of a problem tree • Here the causes in the problem tree becomes means and the effects become ends

48. Outcomes Effects Focal Problem Objective Objective Core problems Outputs Causes

50. Ex. Problem tree of a key area of health sector Poor heath status of the community Poor health status of women Increased maternal mortality Difficult access to clinics situated in town areas Untrained traditional birth attendants