Overcoming Prejudice: A Teacher's Impact

1. 21st Century College English: Book 1 Unit 7 : Part A I Became Her Target

2. Unit 7: Text A • Lead-in Activities • Text Organization • Reading & Writing Skills • Language Points • Guided Practice • Assignment

3. Lead-in Activities Questions for Discussion • Have you ever been in a situation where you were considered “different” from everyone else? What happened? How did you feel? • A teacher who knows his/her subject well is a successful teacher?

4. Para. 1-3 Para. 4-6 Para. 7-11 Para. 12-14 Text Organization —— The Structure of Text A I suffered from prejudice in my new neighborhood and new school. Miss Bean went right at me by giving me chances to answer questions. Miss Bean encouraged me to think for myself. Miss Bean finally helped me to be accepted by my classmates by becoming “Old Dead-Eye”.

5. Reading & Writing Skills 1. Throughout Text A, the author makes statements and generalization which are supported with specific examples or explanations. 2. The author applies the way of contrasting, direct commenting and actual facts or stories to illustrate how differently the teacher treats him and how greatly the teacher helps him. So readers can have an understanding what personalities the teacher has as a teacher.

6. Text A: Language Points —— • Text-related Information • Intensive Study • Difficult sentences • Key words, phrases & usages • Comprehension exercises

7. Text A: Language Points —— Segregation in the United States A system of racial segregation（种族隔离制度）arose soon after the American Civil War in most former slave states. In 1948, President Truman（杜鲁门总统）ordered to put an end to segregation in the armed forces and segregation of the races in public schools was banned in 1954. Southern antagonism toward desegregation continued into the 1960s, however. Most white schools remained totally segregated by the mid-1960s. In the 1970s, the federal government began to withhold federal funds from segregated schools and the Supreme Court expanded the fight when it ruled in 1976 that private, nonsectarian schools may not exclude black children because of their race. School desegregation, however, has still not seemed accomplished in much of the U.S.

8. Text A: Language Points —— I Became Her Target By Roger Wilkins 1. My favorite teacher’s name was “Dead-Eye” Bean. Her real name was Dorothy. She taught American history to eighth graders in a junior high school in Grand Rapids, Michigan. It was the fall of 1944. Franklin D. Roosevelt was president; American troops were battling their way across France; I was a 12-year-old black newcomer in a school that was otherwise all white. When we moved in the problem for our new neighbors was that their neighborhood had previously been all-white and they were ignorant about black people. The prevailing wisdom in the neighborhood was that we were spoiling it and that we ought to go back where we belonged. There was a lot of angry talk among the adults, but nothing much came of it.

9. Text A: Language Points —— 2. But some of the kids were quite nasty during those first few weeks. They threw stones at me, chased me home when I was on foot and spat on my bike seat when I was in class. For a time, I was a pretty lonely, friendless and sometimes frightened kid. 3.I now know that Dorothy Bean understood most of that and deplored it. So things began to change when I walked into her classroom. She was a pleasant-looking single woman, who looked old and wrinkled to me at the time, but who was probably about 40.

10. Text A: Language Points —— 4. Whereas my other teachers approached the problem of easing in their new black pupil by ignoring him for the first few weeks, Miss Bean went right at me. On the morning after having read our first assignment, she asked me the first question. I later came to know that in Grand Rapids, she was viewed as a very liberal person who believed, among other things, that Negroes were equal.

11. Text A: Language Points —— 5. I gulped and answered her question and the follow-up. They weren’t brilliant answers, but they didestablish the fact that I could speak English. Later in the hour, when one of my classmates had bungled an answer, Miss Bean came back to me with a question that required me to clean up the girl’s mess and established me as a smart person. 6. Thus, the teacher began to give me human dimensions, though not perfect ones for an eighth grader. It was somewhat better to be, on one’s early days, a teacher’s pet than merely a dark presence in the back of the room.

12. Text A: Language Points —— 7. A few days later, Miss Bean became the first teacher ever to require me to think. She asked my opinion about something Jefferson had done. In those days, all my opinions were derivative. I was for Roosevelt because my parents were and I was for the Yankees because my older buddy from Harlem was a Yankees fan. Besides, we didn’t have opinions about historical figures like Jefferson. Like our high schoolbuilding, he just was.

13. Text A: Language Points —— 8. After I had stared at her for a few seconds, she said: “Well, should he have bought Louisiana or not?” 9.“I guess so,” I replied tentatively. 10. “Why?” she shot back. 11. Why! What kind of question was that? But I ventured an answer. Day after day, she kept doing that to me, and my answers became stronger and more confident. She was the first teacher to give me the sense that thinking was part of education and that I could form opinions that had some value.

14. Text A: Language Points —— 12.Her final service to me came on a day when my mind was wandering and I was idly digging my pencil into the writing surface on the arm of my chair. Miss Bean impulsively threw a hunk of gum eraser at me. By amazing chance, it hit my hand and sent the pencil flying. She gasped, and I crept hurriedly after my pencil as the class roared. 13. That was the ice breaker. Afterwards, kids came up to me to laugh about “Old Dead-Eye Bean.” The incident became a legend, and I, a part of that story, became a person to talk to. 14. So that’s how I became just another kid in school and Dorothy Bean became “Old Dead-Eye.”

15. battle one’s way — making one’s way by fighting a series of battles • e.g. • The Mongolian troops battled their way from Asia to the Rhine. Cf. shoulder one’s way — to make one’s way with his shoulder e.g.Tom shouldered his way to the gate to welcome his favorite movie star. Cf. elbow one’s way — to make one’s way with his elbow e.g.The three-year-old kid elbowed his way in the crowded supermarket to look for his mother.

16. Translate into Chinese: I was a 12-year-old black newcomer in a school that was otherwise all white. Translate 他本来是个可爱的孩子, 就是有一点淘气。 otherwise under other circumstances; in other respects 我当时是一名十二岁的黑人新生，学校里除我以外都是白人。 • e.g. • He is white-haired, but is otherwise a handsome fellow. • This is a serious mistake in an otherwise well-written report. Key He is a bit naughty, but is otherwise a lovely kid.

17. prevailing wisdom — usual or most common opinion (especially of a group of people on a particular subject) • e.g. • The minister voiced the prevailing wisdom about conserving energy. • This is the prevailing wisdom on the current world situation.

18. go at — make an attack at, rush at • e.g. • The two boxers went at each other furiously. • Suddenly, he went at me with a knife. Translate 早餐做好了，汤姆马上狼吞虎咽起来。 Key The breakfast was ready and Tom went at it at once.

19. among other things — This expression is used to say that there are more facts, things, etc. like the one or ones mentioned but that the speaker chooses not to discuss them in detail. Translate Chairman Mao was, among other things, a highly imaginative poet. • e.g. • Winston Churchill, among other things, was a great writer. • Professor Smith, among other things, has shown us a new approach to the problem. Key 除了其他方面以外, 毛主席还是一位极具想象力的诗人.

20. do/did + infinitive It is possible to use this structure in the affirmative when we wish to add special emphasis. • e.g. • You do look nice today! • She does talk a lot, doesn’t she? More to learn

21. Exercises —— Complete the following sentences, using do + to give emphasis to the main verb. 《读写教程 I》:Ex. VIII, p. 191 1. It’s true that I don’t get much exercise now, _______. (但我在大学的时候的确时常踢球。) • but I did play football quite often when I was in college

22. Exercises —— Complete the following sentences, using do + to give emphasis to the main verb. 2. I don’t have much contact with my family, ________. (但我有时候的确去看望母亲。) • but sometimes I do go and visit my mother

23. Exercises —— Complete the following sentences, using do + to give emphasis to the main verb. 3. The children made a lot of work for me, _________. (但他们也的确为我干了许多事。) • but they did do a lot of work for me too

24. Exercises —— Complete the following sentences, using do + to give emphasis to the main verb. 4. Our high school English teacher was a bit strict with us, _________. (但我们确实从他那里学到了许多。) • but we did learn a lot from him

25. Exercises —— Complete the following sentences, using do + to give emphasis to the main verb. 5. I know that you didn’t expect him to be there, _________. (但他确实去听了讲座，见了那位教授。) • but he did go to the lecture and meet the professor

26. establishvt. — 1) show beyond dispute; prove 2) (used in the pattern “establish somebody as”)gain full recognition or acceptance as Translate 他很快就证明自己是一个优秀的工程师. • e.g. • The doctors have so far been unable to establish the cause of his death. • He established his innocence by showing that he was in another city when the murder was committed. • e.g. • The victory established our company as a leading offshore service company on the South China Sea. • He soon established himself as a leading statesman in the world. Key He soon established himself as an excellent engineer.

27. Translate into Chinese: Thus, the teacher began to give me human dimensions, though not perfect ones for an eighth grader. 就这样，这位老师开始用人的标准对待我，虽然这种标准对一个八年级学生来说还是不完全的。

28. Translate into Chinese: It was somewhat better to be, on one’s early days, a teacher’s pet than merely a dark presence in the back of the room. 在一个人的早期，做一名老师的得意学生比起做一名只坐在教室后面的黑孩子来，总是要好一些。

29. be for — be in favor of • e.g. • The majority of the people are for peace. • Are you for or against the proposal that student dorm be equipped with computer?

30. Translate into Chinese: Like our high school building, he just was. 就像我们中学有一栋大楼一样，只不过有过这样一个人而已。

31. venturev. — take the risk of saying (sth. that may be opposed or considered foolish) • e.g. • “I’m the most qualified candidate.” the boy ventured. • She ventured the opinion that the project would be too expensive to complete.

32. servicen. — a helpful act, something done to help or benefit others • e.g. • They will be very happy to give their services free of charge. • Premier Zhou En Lai has been remembered for his devoted service to the country. • the public services — 公用事业 Translate You have done me a great service. Key 你帮了我一个大忙。

33. by chance — by accident, in an unplanned way • e.g. • It was _____________________ that I won the prize. by surprising chance by chance by sheer chance

34. ice breaker — (originally) a boat that cuts through the ice Cf: break the ice e.g. The kid suddenly made a face in order to break the ice among the adults. • e.g. • The kid’s joke was an ice breaker and the couple began to talk to each other.

35. Paraphrase: So that’s how I became just another kid in school … My classmates began to talk to me and treated me as any other kids at the school …

36. Text-related information Roosevelt, Franklin Delano (1882-1945) Franklin Delano Roosevelt, known popularly as F.D.R., was elected to four consecutive terms as president of the United States, serving from 1933 to 1945. He is credited with leading the country out of the Great Depression through an ambitious plan of government spending known as the New Deal (新政). Roosevelt also led the U.S. through most of World War II, though he died before the war ended. He is considered by many to be the greatest president of the 20th century and his likeness is immortalized on Mt. Rushmore along with those of Washington, Jefferson and Lincoln.

37. Text-related information Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826) Thomas Jefferson served as third President of the United States, was the author of the Declaration of Independence《独立宣言》, and founded what came to be the Democratic Party. He played a major part in shaping government theory and practice, putting into words and laws the ideals of a nation dedicated to the principle that allmen are created free and equal. Beyond his achievements in politics, Jefferson is noted as a “renaissance man” for his accomplishments in architecture, science, and philosophy, among other fields. He designed his own home, Monticello, which is now a national park, and founded the University of Virginia.

38. Text-related information Harlem Harlem is a section of upper Manhattan（曼哈顿）in New York City which, though originally settled by the Dutch（荷兰人）, has long contained one of the largest urban concentrations of black people in the United States. In the 1930s, such figures as the writer Langston Hughes contributed to a Harlem Renaissance in arts and literature. Today,  much of the area is dilapidated and high in crime.

39. Text-related information The Louisiana Purchase Though it was a great bargain, doubling the size of the U.S. at the time and adding richly productive farmlands, the Louisiana Purchase was controversial because it was unclear that the president had the authority to make such a purchase without the approval of Congress（美国国会）. Louisiana (路易斯安那州)is a state of the southern U.S. on the Gulf of Mexico（墨西哥湾）; originally a French colony, bought by the United States as part ofthe Louisiana Purchase. The Louisiana Purchase refers to the land deal（土地交易）made between U.S. president Thomas Jefferson and Napoleon Bonaparte of France in 1803. Jefferson authorized the purchase of land from the Mississippi River （密西西比河）westward to the Rocky Mountains (洛基山脉）and from the Gulf of Mexico northward to Canada for roughly $525 million.

40. Guided Practice —— • Vocabulary • Cloze • Translation • Structure Writing

41. Vocabulary • Ex. IV • Ex. V Vocabulary ——

42. Vocabulary —— 《读写教程 I》:Ex. IV, p. 188

43. Vocabulary —— IV. Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary. confident venture previously liberal presence roar creep ignorant chase merely spoil whereas 1. Gathering up his courage, Little Tom ___________silently into the dark cave. crept 2. The ____________ of our professors added much honor to our New Year’s Party. presence

44. Vocabulary —— IV. Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary. confident venture previously liberal presence roar creep ignorant chase merely spoil whereas 3. Have you ever heard that single women tend to live longer than married women, ____________ married men tend to live longer than single men? whereas 4. His natural desire to learn was ___________ by the cruelty of an insensitive teacher. spoiled

45. Vocabulary —— IV. Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary. confident venture previously liberal presence roar creep ignorant chase merely spoil whereas 5. The young Wilkins was a black newcomer in a school that had __________________ all white. previously 6. Though it was about midnight, the football fans were still in high spirits, ___________with laughter as they left the stadium. roaring

46. Vocabulary —— IV. Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary. confident venture previously liberal presence roar creep ignorant chase merely spoil whereas 7. That hairstyle was ____________ a passing fad, as no one wears it this year. merely 8. These young people were so _____________ about things in the U. S. that they thought blacks and whites had always had equal educational opportunities there. ignorant

47. Vocabulary —— IV. Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary. confident venture previously liberal presence roar creep ignorant chase merely spoil whereas 9. The student was not quite ____________ about his answers as he knew very little about historical figures like Jefferson. confident 10. Whenever I take on a difficult task, I say to myself, “Nothing ____________, nothing gain.” ventured

48. Vocabulary —— IV. Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary. confident venture previously liberal presence roar creep ignorant chase merely spoil whereas 11. The child was truly frightened by the large dog which ________________ him all the way home. chased 12. Traditional as he is in his way of life, the elderly professor is more _____________ than most of his students in accepting new ideas. liberal

49. Vocabulary —— 《读写教程 I》:Ex. V, p. 189

50. Vocabulary —— V. Complete the following sentences with phrases and expressions given below. Change the form where necessary. throw…at establish oneself as come up to stare at move in be for view…as come of by chance among other things • Mary ______________ her little brother for a few seconds, not knowing how to answer his question. stared at 2. I’m sure nothing much will ______________ your arguing with him. come of