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Mexican Revolution: A Story of Struggle and Change

Explore the turbulent history of the Mexican Revolution in the 19th and 20th centuries, from the rise of leaders like Porfirio Diaz to the battles led by Zapata and Pancho Villa for reform and freedom.

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Mexican Revolution: A Story of Struggle and Change

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  1. 10th World Studies 3.19.18 Turn in: • Nothing: SRP?!? Take out : • NOTES, NOTES, NOTES Today’s Learning Objectives: • I can explain how governments were shifting around the world in the 19th & 20th Centuries. Today’s Agenda: • A Revolution! HW: • None

  2. The Mexican Revolution • What’s their story of revolution?

  3. Challenges of Independence • 1833: Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna is Mexico’s President • 1835: Stephen Austin leads a group of American’s in Tejas, who want to break away from Mexico, create independent Texas • Santa Anna wins early battles including the Alamo, but ultimately loses to Houston in 1836. 1845: loses Mexican-American War La Reforma • 1854: Liberal reformer Benito Juarez leads Mexico after Santa Anna • Begins La Reforma causes conservatives to start a civil war (1857) • 1862: Juarez and reformers win, but conservatives convince France to invade Mexico, 1864: Maximillian I (Austrian?!?) is Emperor of Mexico • 1867: Juarez and Gen. Porfrio Diaz able to defeat French invaders

  4. “Porfiriato” Porfirio Díaz was one of the generals of the Liberal army who was President of Mexico from 1877 until 1911, a period known as the Porfiriatobecause the figure of Porfirio Díaz dominated it. During this period, the economy grew; new railways and telephone networks were built; new banks opened; industry, mining, agriculture and commerce expanded. Major concessions led to foreign controlover large sectors of the economy

  5. Pan O Palo Exiled The Porfiriato (1876-1911) • #1 Porfirio Diaz • Pres after Juarez death, industrializes Mexico by encouraging foreign investment (esp. US) • Helps rich & church, little to help poor & Indians • Becomes a dictator • 1910: His opponent for the presidency Francisco Madero is jailed! • Madero escapes & starts Mexican Revolution. • 1911: Madero helped by Emiliano Zapata & Pancho Villa, Diaz overthrown & goes into exile

  6. 1911: #2 Francisco Madero is now President Mexican Revolution: Madero & Huerta (1911-1915) • Emiliano Zapata wants land reform, take land away from foreigners & wealthy and give it to peasants, Madero rejects idea • Zapata issues Plan de Ayala (remove Madero/enact land reform) • Pancho Villa arrested by Gen. Victoriano Huerta, Villa to be executed • Madero stops execution, Villa escapes from prison • 1913: #3 Gen Huerta overthrows Madero, has Madero executed • Huerta runs country as a military dictatorship Executed Tierra y Libertad

  7. General VictorianoHuerta General Huerta established a military dictatorship in Mexico! For almost 11 years, civil war raged across Mexico as various rebel groups fought for power. The most important insurgent leaders of the ConstitutionalistMovement wereVenustiano Carranza, Francisco Villa, and Emiliano Zapata.

  8. Emiliano Zapata Emiliano Zapata wanted massive land reformsthat were expressed in his motto “Reform, Freedom, Justice and Law!”which was shortened to “Tierra y Libertad” (Land and Liberty).

  9. Pancho Villa Pancho Villa led peasant rebels in the north and attacked the Federal Army.   Villa lead and fought in a decades worth of battles for the cause with his army known as "The Dorados"(The Golden Boys). 

  10. Pancho Villa Pancho Villa led peasant rebels in the north and attacked the Federal Army. The name was ironic considering that they were mostly makeshift Revolutionaries who were recruited from village to village where Villa and his men would pillage to have water, food and women.  During the course of the Revolution in Mexico, Villa seemed to be blessed never sustaining life threatening injuries.

  11. Soldaderas March Las Soldaderas were women "fighters" who made significant contributions to both the federal and rebel armies of the Mexican Revolution. Though few actually engaged in combat, their assistance to male soldiers in fighting the war were monumental.

  12. The Mexican Revolution mobilized large segments of the population, both men and women. The Villista forces included railroad workers, cowboys, and townsfolk who took up arms against the army.

  13. Huerta/the US/Carranza • Victoriano Huerta leads Mexico starting in February 18, 1913—overthrows Madero • US Intervenes for Standard Oil in April 21, 1914 • Navy in Vera Cruz • US Backs Venustiano Carranza • Carranza becomes President in July 15, 1914. • Huerta is out of power and the US leaves but the chaos continues

  14. Mexican Revolution: Carranza (1915-1920) - Villa joins w/ Zapata & Gen. Venustiano Carranza - Huerta flees into exile – Villa & Carranza both want to be Pres - 1915:US backs #4 Carranza, 1916: Villa robs & kills Americans in New Mexico—Zimmerman Telegram?!? - Villareturns to Mexico to overthrow Huerta - Carranza allows US to send 5K troops under Gen. “Blackjack” Pershing into Mexico, Villa never caught -1919:Zapata is tricked by Carranza supporter & killed -1920:Carranza tries to fix election, killed by supporter of Alvaro Obregon Exiled Assassinated Assassinated

  15. Alvaro Obregon Obregón defeated Pancho Villa’s cavalry in a series of bloody battles in 1915 and became president in 1920..  Since 1920, with the Civil War over, a new “Revolutionary Elite” ruled Mexico. However, the Revolution had devastated the nation. 1.5 million were killed, major industries destroyed, ranching and farming were disrupted.

  16. -Obregon has support of Army & peasants, has fair relations w/ Church -Leaves w/o violence, supports Plutarco Calles for Presidency - 1924: #6 Plutarco Calles founds Mexico’s PRI , fights w/ US over oil -Poor relations with Church (Christero War) -Doesn’t seek reelection, allowing Obregon to run -1920: #5 Alvaro Obregon wins next election Mexican Revolution: Obregon & Calles (1920-1928) -Villa given amnesty by Mexican Govt but assassinated 3 years later -1928: Obregon wins election but is assassinated by Catholic militant Assassinated Assassinated

  17. July 20, 1923Villa Assassinated

  18. Revolutionary Results Some Real Changes: • 1917 Mexican Constitution • Land reforms, limited foreign ownership of key resources • Guaranteed rights of workers • restrictions on clerical education and church ownership of property • educational reforms • Workers organized and were represented in government

  19. General Lazaro Cardenas, US and Britain

  20. General Lazaro Cardenas, US and Britain • General Lazaro Cardenas Completes the Revolution after 1934 when he nationalized oil on March 18, 1938. • The US and the British protest • Economic Imperialism

  21. General Lazaro Cardenas His government carried out considerable land reform, he reorganized labor, and, most significant of all, he nationalized the oil industry. After Cardenas, the pace of reforms slowed. Although Mexico is a democracy, one party has dominated the country since 1929 until very recently. PetroleosMexicanos

  22. Loses War Overthrown The Mexican Revolution What happened to the leaders? Assassinated Exiled Assassinated Executed Exiled Assassinated Assassinated

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