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Explore the origins and variations of emotions based on facial expressions and cultural influences. Learn to measure and identify basic emotions through facial characteristics and behavioral cues. Practice identifying emotions for a better understanding of human psychology.
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Facial CharacteristicsJim Matiya Psychology in Action 9th Edition Karen Huffman
Cultural Similarities • Where do emotions come from? • Do they differ from culture to culture? • Emotions are defined as a subjective feeling that includes arousal (heart pounding), cognitions (thoughts and expectations), and expressive behaviors (smiles and frowns).
Three Ways to Measure Emotion • Body/Physical • blood pressure • heart rate • adrenaline levels • muscle activity when smiling, frowning, etc. • neural images • posture • tears, • perspiration • lie detector readings
Three Ways to Measure Emotion • Thoughts (observed indirectly through) • spoken and written words on rating scales • answers to open-ended questions on surveys and during interviews • responses to projective instruments, sentence stems, etc. • self-assessments or perceptions regarding the behavior and intentions of others • other cognitive operations such as rational/logical thinking
Behavior facial expressions activity level alertness screaming laughing smiling aggression approach/avoidance attention/distraction insomnia Three Ways to Measure Emotion
Cultural Similarities • People from very different cultures can reliably identify at least six basic emotions: happiness, surprise, anger, sadness,fear, and disgust.
Facial Expressions • Anger • Brows are lowered and vertical wrinkles are between the brows • Eyelids are tense showing a hard look • Lips are in a square shape • Fear • Brows are raised and vertical wrinkles are between the brows • Eyes are wide-open • Mouth is open and tense, corners of mouth are drawn back • Happiness • Brows are relaxed, • Cheeks raised • Corners of the mouth are drawn back and up slightly
Facial Expressions • Disgust • Eyebrows are lowered • Nose is wrinkled • Lower lip is raised and up against the raised upper lip • Sadness • The inner corners of the eyebrows are raised producing wavy horizontal wrinkles on the forehead. • The inner corners of the upper eyelids are raised, producing an inverted-V wrinkle in the upper eyelid • The corners of the lips are turned down and/or the lips may be trembling. • Surprise • The eyes are opened wide • With the upper eyelid raised • The jaw drops but the lips are relaxed
Practice • Now that the students have some information about facial expressions, let them see if they can display the six basic emotions. • Have the students practice holding their faces according to the previous slides. • When they feel competent have them submit pictures that display the basic emotions.
Facial CharacteristicsJim Matiya The End