Gold - Accounting and Allocation Management System

1. Accounting and Allocation Management with Gold Scott Jackson Moab·Con 2010

2. Gold is an open source allocation system that tracks and charges for resource usage on High Performance Computers. Allocation Manager • Ensures resources are used according to mission plan • Tracks resource utilization • Allows for insightful capacity planning • Facilitates resource sharing between organizations • Used in production at dozens of sites

3. Gold in a nutshell: • A resource billing system Gold tracks and manages resource usage on High Performance Computers. It behaves like a bank in which deposits are made into accounts and charges occur at the moment of job completion. Reservations prevent oversubscription. • An allocation manager Credits can be allocated to specific projects, users and machines. Timeframes can be given for the expenditure of the credits enabling allocation cycles, capacity planning and use-it-or-lose it. • An accounting system Gold maintains past state and a complete transaction history. It can track and maintain arbitrary custom accounting statistics. • An information service Custom objects and attributes can be dynamically defined and manipulated.

4. Setting up Gold • Define Users, Projects, Machines • Add Users to Projects • Setup Default Projects (optional) • Make Deposits into Accounts

5. Universe of Projects Universe of Users AccountsProjectsUsersMachinesAllocations Account: 1234 Name: Chemistry Account: 1234 Name: Chemistry Universe of Machines

6. Allocations • An allocation is an allotment of computational resource credits for use by specific projects or users during a specified time period. • When jobs complete, projects are charged and resource usage recorded. Jobs are prevented from starting unless they have an active allocation with a sufficient balance. • Limitations: Does manage short-term usage, does not impact scheduling priority.

7. 0 6 3 2 4 1 5 Charge Reservations and Dynamic Charging Accounting Manager (Gold) 0 Deposits are made in Account 1 A Job is Submitted 2 A Quote is Requested 3 A Reservation is Made 4 The Job is allowed to Start Scheduler (Moab) 5 The Job Completes 6 The Reservation is Removed and a Charge is Issued Resource Manager (Torque, LL, LSF) Deposit Reservation Quote Reservation

8. Capacity & Workload Planning:The Brick Approach 100 % Capacity • Controlling project usage is key to capacity and workload planning. • The use of regularly expiring allocations allows you to establish a project cycle and use the brick approach to allocation management. Now - 3 Qtr - 2 Qtr - 1 Qtr + 1 Qtr + 2 Qtr + 3 Qtr + 4 Qtr

9. Year-end Resource Exhaustion • It is common to see projects get off to a slow start and then have a surge of activity at the end when results are due. • Without careful management of expectations, this can be a cause of considerable anxiety. 100% Machine Capacity Project A’s Allotment Project A’s Demand Project Period

10. Expiring Allocations

11. ChargeRates • Consumable Resource Charge Rates — Consumable Resource Charge Rates define how much it costs per unit of time to use a consumable resource like processors, memory, etc. • Usage Charge Rates — Usage Charge Rates define how much to charge for metrics of total resource usage such as CpuTime, Licenses used, Power consumed (in Watts), etc. • Name-Based Multiplier Rates — Name-Based Multiplier Rates are quality based charge rates which apply a multiplicative charge factor based on a quality of the job such as QOS, nodetype, queue, user, time of day, etc. • Value-Based Multiplier Rates — Value-Based Multiplier are scaled multipliers which apply a multiplicative charge factor based on a numeric scaling factor.

12. Other Gold Features Guaranteed Quotes Credit and Debit Models CPU Memory Disk QOS Powerful Querying Flexible Charging

13. Other Gold Features Transparency Features Historical Journaling Customizable Accounting Dynamically Customizable Strong Security

14. Web-based GUI

19. Nested Accounts University 25 25 25 Biology Chemistry Physics 40 50 Chem 101 Chem 201 40 40 Actinides Workshop

21. End of Life Spending Spree • Offline banks cannot strictly enforce allocations • Without reservations, more jobs can get started than allocation balance can support. Debit Accounts Debit Accounts Job Job

22. Sneak Peek -- ChargeRates Type Name Instance Rate Description ---------- ---------- --------- ---- ------------------------------ Resource Processors 10 Value Based Resource (VBR) Service License Abacus 10 Name Based Resource (NBR) Usage Power 500 Value Based Usage (VBU) Feature Feature Telescope 5 Name Based Usage (NBU) Quality QOS Premium 2 Name Based Multiplier (NBM) Multiplier Discount 0.5 Value Based Multiplier (VBM) Fee Shipping 100 external Value Based Usage (xVBU) Token Zone Asia 400 external Name Based Usage (xNBU) *(Disk) User scottmo 10 Multi-dimensional VBR (MVBR) The multi-dimensional Resource is a resource value that changes on a per-attribute basis, and is assumed if the Type is anything other than the known types. For example, the above line illustrates a disk resource fee of 10 for User=scottmo, whereas a different value might be applied for User=fred. Total Charge = ((((sum of all NBR and (M)VBR*value) times walltime) + (sum of all NBU and VBU*value)) times (product of all NBM and VBM*value)) + (sum of all xNBU and xVBU*value)