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Explore the groundbreaking advancements in painting during the Renaissance, from the creation of oil paints to the use of perspective and light. Learn about famous artists like Leonardo da Vinci and Sandro Botticelli, and the masterpieces they created.
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The Renaissance • 1400’s. • The beginning of Modern Painting. • A time of rediscovery in Rome. • Art and literature were again brought to the forefront as were scientific studies of the body and natural world. • As skills increased, the prestige of the artist soared.
The Renaissance • Several major breakthroughs in painting made new styles a possibility. • 1) Creation of oil paints. A mineral was ground then mixed with oil and turpentine. A greater range of colors was now available. Also oil paint does not dry quickly allowing the artist to make changes to his work.
The Renaissance • 2)Perspective- One of the most significant discoveries in the history of art was the method for creating the illusion of depth on a flat surface, called perspective. • Painters can reduce the size of objects, mute the colors, or blur details to give the appearance of objects that are receding into the background.
The Renaissance • 3)The use of light and shadow. • Chiaroscuro (pronounced key arrow skewr o). Means light/dark in Italian. • By adding shadow painters produced portraits which looked more rounded and realistic.
The Renaissance • 4) Pyramid configuration. Grouping of figures on the horizontal was out. The pyramid composition allows your eye to move around the painting, the top of the triangle being the focal point.
The Renaissance • The Early Renaissance (1400-1500) • First 3 Hall of Famers: • 1. Tomasso Masaccio- painter • 2. Donatello (Donato di Niccolo)- sculptor • 3. Sandro Botticelli- painter. • Masaccio was nicknamed “Sloppy Tom” as he neglected his appearance to concentrate on his artwork.
Donatello • Donatello brought a relaxed look to his sculptures mainly through, “contrapposto”. • Contrapposto, refers to weight being placed on one leg. • You can see the look here, on Donatello’s “Mary Magdalene”.
Botticelli • Famous for “The Birth of Venus”
The Renaissance • The High Renaissance (1500-1520) • 3 Hall of Famers: • 1)Leonardo da Vinci • 2)Michelangelo di Simoni • 3)Raphael da Urbino
Leonardo Da Vinci • Leonardo de sir Piero da Vinci • 1452-1519 (67) • Primarily a painter, although he had many interests • Only 15 paintings have survived including the Mona Lisa and the Last Supper • Also surviving are his journals /sketchbook
Leonardo da Vinci • The term “ Renaissance man” has come to mean an individual who radiates wisdom. • He was universally admired for his handsome appearance, intellect and charm.
Leonardo da Vinci • Listen to this description by one of his contemporaries, “His personal beauty could not be exaggerated, this tall man with blonde hair’s every movement was grace itself. His abilities were so extraordinary he could readily solve any difficulty. As if this were not enough, he could sing divinely and his charming conversation won all hearts.”
Leonardo da Vinci • He was also an avid mountain climber who delighted in scaling great heights. • Leonardo was also fascinated with flight. He was often seen paying those keeping caged birds to set them free. • He frequently sketched wings and designed flying contraptions which he eventually built with hopes of flying himself.
Leonardo da Vinci • Other inventions: A machine to move mountains, a parachute, a helicopter, an armored tank, and a diving bell. • He died at age 67 in France. On his deathbed he said he “ has offended God and mankind by not working on his art as he should have.” • He had so many interests he felt his studies in some way detracted from his artwork.
Sketch, 1499 Done 4 years prior to the actual painting. Da Vinci was known for putting off his work, due to his many interests. Mona Lisa
Mona Lisa • Or La Gioconda. 1503-Louvre, Paris • Historically, Mona was no one special. She was probably the young wife of a Florentine merchant named Giocondo. • The portrait set the standard for Renaissance paintings in many ways. • It was a great example of perspective with all lines converging on a single vanishing point behind Mona’s head.
Mona Lisa • The triangular or pyramid composition established the importance of geometry in painting. • It diverged from the stiff, profile portraits that had been the norm in the past, displaying the subject in a relaxed, natural, three-quarter pose.
Mona Lisa • Knowledge of the anatomy is so evident in the Mona Lisa’s hands that Leonardo had lived in a hospital for several months, studying skeletons and dissecting cadavers. • Mona Lisa fully realized the potential of oil paints. Instead of beginning with an outline, Leonardo used light and shadow or chiaroscuro to model her features.
Mona Lisa • The reason she looks so lifelike is because Leonardo used many layers of the semi-transparent paint. • What about the famous smile? • To avoid the solemnity of most formal portraits, Leonardo engaged musicians and jesters to amuse his subject.
Mona Lisa • By 1952 more than 61 versions of the Mona Lisa had been created. From Marcel Duchamp’s goateed version to Andy Warhol’s silk-screens. The Mona Lisa is the most reproduced image in all art.
The Last Supper • Da Vinci’s “The Last Supper” is known as the world’s most revered religious painting. • Leonardo declared that the artist’s intention should be to capture “the man and the intention of his soul.” • Here he revolutionized art by capturing what was going through each figure’s mind.
The Last Supper • Leonardo immortalized the dramatic moment after Christ announced one of his disciples would betray him, with each person reacting emotionally and asking “Lord, is it I?” through a range of gestures and expressions. • He is again using perspective with all diagonal lines converging on Christ’s head, making him the focal point of painting.
Vitruvian Man • Depicts an image of a man showing perfect geometric proportions. • Ex: • Your palm is approximately the width of your 4 fingers. • The length of your arms outspread is equal to your height. • The distance from the top of your head to your chin is approximately 1/8 your height. (Making each person 8 “heads” tall.)
The Notebooks • Evidence of Leonardo’s fertile imagination lies in the thousands of pages of sketches and ideas in his notebooks. • His interests and expertise encompass anatomy, engineering, astronomy, mathematics, natural history, music, sculpture, architecture, and painting, making him a very versatile genius.
The Notebooks • Leonardo anticipated many major discoveries and inventions of succeeding centuries. • Among his discoveries: central heating, printing press, telescopes, bombs, etc. • His illustrations of the interior workings of the human body were so precise they could accurately teach medical students today.
Michelangelo • Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonaorrti Simoni, 1475- 1564 (88) • Born near present day Florence, Italy • Sculptor, painter, architect, poet and engineer • Renaissance artist • Called one of the greatest artists of all time, his works are some of the most famous in existence
Michelangelo • Michelangelo’s mother died when he was very young, 6 years old. • As a child Michelangelo was cared for by a neighbor who’s husband was a stonecutter. He grew up interested in the man’s work, watching him draw and carve into the stone and learning how to use a hammer and chisel.
Michelangelo • Michelangelo believe that creativity was divinely inspired. This elevated the status of the artist in society and allowed him to break longstanding rules. • Of all artists, Michelangelo felt the sculptor was the most godlike, saying that “God himself created life from clay.”
