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Napoleon Bonaparte: Rise, Rule, and End

Explore the rise and fall of Napoleon Bonaparte, from his early days in Corsica to becoming Emperor of France, his military conquests, and final exile. Learn about his key achievements, defeats, and the impact of the Congress of Vienna on Europe's balance of power.

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Napoleon Bonaparte: Rise, Rule, and End

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  1. Chapter 19 Lesson 3 Notes: The Rise and Fall of Napoleon Bonaparte, Emperor of France

  2. Born on the Mediterranean [French] island of [previously controlled by Italy] Corsica 1769…. Chosen French Commander-in-Chief by the Directory 1796….

  3. a French soldier discovers the RosettaStoneduring military campaign in Egypt; hieroglyphicscan now be deciphered; quickly seizes power from the Directory using a coup d’etat; becomes one of three Consuls as members of a French Consulate 1799….

  4. reinstates the Catholic Church as the official church of France by declaring the Concordatof1801 1801…. uses a plebiscite (a ‘yes’ or ‘no’ vote) to become FirstConsulfor life 1802…. establishes a public school system under the control of the University of France; sells the LouisianaTerritory to President Thomas Jefferson for $15 million; 1803….

  5. 828,000 sq. miles introduced a new code of laws called the **NapoleonicCode,** still used in several countries and in Louisiana and is Napoleon’s greatest achievement

  6. crowns self “EmperoroftheFrench” by an approved plebiscite, claiming the title Emperor Napoleon I 1804…

  7. British admiral Horatio Nelson defeats French navy at Battle of Trafalgaroff coast of Spain; Napoleon I realizes he will never militarily defeat Britain 1805…. instead, he establishes a trade blockade called the ContinentalSystem against Britain, “the nation of shopkeepers,” 1806… leading Britain into the War of 1812 with the U.S.

  8. loses 300,000 French troops (Napoleon’s cannonfodder”) during the PeninsularWar with Spain; Spanish guerrilla-warfare most effective against France 1808…. seizes papacy and the PapalStates; is excommunicatedby pope; holds pope captive on French soil for five years 1809….

  9. abolishes the H.R.E.; creates the ConfederationoftheRhine of 38states to better administer to the large German empire 1810….

  10. leads his GrandArmy of 600,000 troops into Russiato teach Czar Alexander I a lesson for breaking the Continental System agreement not to trade with Britain; His Grand Army is defeated by Russia’s bitter winter cold and by Russia’s military strategy called the scorched-earthpolicy (burn all resources so enemy cannot use them) [Russia’s Patriotic War] 1812…

  11. A GrandAlliance of several European countries defeats Napoleon at the Battle of Leipzig [Prussia] in a “Victory of Liberation” 1813…. The CongressofVienna (Austria) exiles Napoleon I to a Mediterranean island called Elba; the BourbonFrench throne is restored by King Louis XVIII 1814…

  12. The “LittleCorporal” returns to Paris for a “100-Day” rule; his final defeat occurs in Belgium at the Battle of Waterloo; his final exile is to a South Atlantic island called St. Helena[Britain encircles island with ships 24/7 until Napoleon’s death] 1815…

  13. Napoleon I dies at the age of 51 1821….

  14. RESULTS OF THE 1814 – 1815 CONGRESS OF VIENNA • Led by Hapsburg Austria’s chief minister, [Clemens Von] • Metternich, a reactionary(ultra-conservative)

  15. Goals were: • to balance the European power by 1st forming the QuadrupleAlliance (Austria, Prussia, Russia, Britain); once France was allowed to eventually join, it became known as the QuintupleAlliance • to practice a principle called legitimacy (restoring monarchs to their rightful thrones) • to restore the statusquo (keeping a state of affairs the same; make no (dangerous) changes

  16. to form a HolyAlliance to rule Europe with “Christian principles to prevent future revolutions,” according to Russian czar, Alexander I • to reorganize Napoleon I’s Confederation of the Rhine of 38 states into the GermanConfederationof 39 states

  17. Nationalism • becomes a more powerful force than ever before

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