► Problem- Iraqi Army was the _____largest army in the world

1. Hansen Name _____________________U.S. History Period _________Desert Storm- An Introduction to U.S. History Note-Taking Guide ►Problem- Iraqi Army was the _____largest army in the world • Iraqis were ______________________________________ conflict • Had __________ soldiers (U.S. had about ____________) • Had latest ________Tanks (T-72) and latest _______fighter planes • Iraqi Air Defenses • ______fighter planes • _____ anti-aircraft guns • _______ Surface to Air missiles • _____________________ ringing the country • Decision made to ________ Iraq ►U.S. Strike- Part I Air Attack • Goal- Disable enemy __________________________________ structure • U.S. Helicopters • Flew into Iraqi air space at night, flying _____ feet off the ground with no ________ • Utilized satellite, radar, and ____data to fly this low with no lights • Destroyed a 20 mile line of radar stations ___________________ (to give no warning) • U.S. ___________________________ as well as cruise missiles fired at key military targets in Iraq • Invisible to Iraqi _____________ • U.S. sent up __________planes too, to reflect ________. • When Iraqis fired on these decoy planes, the U.S. fired missiles that could trace the enemy missiles _________ ____________________________and thus blow up the anti-aircraft weapons • Iraqis stopped __________ radar ► The Rise of Extremism in ___________ • Many Arab Middle-Eastern Nations sided with _____________in World War II. Why? • They had been under ________________________ _______________________________ for years and Germany was fighting these enemies and, at least at first, whooping them. This was a chance to get even with those damned _________________. • In Iraq, many Arabs were impressed by the Nazi’s _______________________________. They set up the ___________ party as a model of the Nazi party • A decade after World War II, the Baath party _________________________in Iraq. Soon, _______________ had risen to the top of the Baath party, as the fearsome and violent dictator of Iraq ► Iraq’s Significance • Arab Middle Eastern Countries (such as Iraq) grew in global importance during the 20th Century on account of ____________________________ ► Saddam’s Desire for Kuwait • By Conquering Kuwait, a tiny postage-stamp of a country, Saddam could perhaps become _______ ____________________________________ _________________and a major world player • He invaded Kuwait in _________ ►America No Like-y • As the world’s largest ______________________, the U.S. was not interested in letting a foreign country with a _______________ ____________________ control a huge chunk of the world’s oil • Iraq could then _____________ by threatening our economy

2. ►U.S. Strike Part III- A Turkey Shoot • Iraqi forces _______ Kuwait • There were only ________roads out • The U.S. delivered air strikes against these roads, destroying __________armored vehicles ►The End Result • By the time the last Iraqis left Kuwait and the U.S. declared ceasefire, the U.S. had had ____ of its soldiers killed out of strike force of over 500,000. • And ¼ of these casualties were from … • __________________________ • Statistics showed that an American male was more likely to be injured ___________________________________., than serving in Desert Storm • The U.S. rate of killed in action was .03%, ______________________ than the KIA rate of the Germans invading France in 1940 (a battle considered one of the greatest routes of all time IN FAVOR OF the Germans) ►My Question To You (and your first night’s homework) • Why did I start the course this way? Give several possible reasons. • __________________________________________ __________________________________________ • __________________________________________ __________________________________________ • __________________________________________ __________________________________________ ► (Air Strike Continued) • U.S. bombers and cruise missiles were laser and radar-guided • In WWII the average bomb landed ___________ from its target • In Vietnam, before the first laser guided bombs, ___________from the target • In Desert Storm in Iraq, ____________from target • Some U.S. missiles even had optical scanners that compared the passing terrain to previous satellite images, and thus ________________________________’ to their targets • Bombing against Baghdad (most ___________________________ __________________________ by air) and Iraqi military forces continued for 6 weeks • Iraqis tried to bury their tanks ___________________ to avoid airstrikes, but the U.S. could see the tanks on ______________________________________and destroyed 1300 of them from the air • Many Iraqis refused to even get ________________after that ► U.S. Strike Part II- Ground Attack • U.S. armored columns rolled into Kuwait • They fired 45 pound shells that were guided by laser and radar, from gun turrets that were______________ and ___________________ guided, so they could be fired from a tank moving near top speed and be devastatingly accurate • The shells were tipped with ________________________________that could penetrate any of the enemy armor • The U.S shot to kill ratio on enemy armored vehicles was better than 1 kill for every _______shots • When the enemy fired artillery, the U.S. could return fire with technology that __________________________________ _________________________________________and destroyed the enemy artillery • U.S. ground forces were guided by GPS and also by hovering command-post planes and ______________________________to tell them where they were and where the enemy was • _________________________enemy soldiers surrendered in the first four days of the attack

3. Desert Storm- An Introduction to U.S. History

4. The Rise of Extremism in Iraq • Many Arab Middle-Eastern Nations sided with the Nazis in World War II. Why? • They had been under British and French imperial control for years and Germany was fighting these enemies and, at least at first, whooping them. This was a chance to get even with those damned imperialists. • In Iraq, many Arabs were impressed by the Nazi’s efficient, ruthless rule • They set up the Baath party as a model of the Nazi party • A decade after World War II, the Baath party took power in Iraq. Soon, Saddam Hussein had risen to the top of the Baath party, as the fearsome and violent dictator of Iraq

5. Iraq’s Significance • Arab Middle Eastern Countries (such as Iraq) grew in Global importance during the 20th Century on account of their oil reserves

6. Saddam’s Desire for Kuwait • By Conquering Kuwait, a tiny postage-stamp of a country, Saddam could perhaps become the dominant military power in the Middle East and a major world player • He invaded Kuwait in 1990

8. America No Like-y • As the world’s largest consumer of oil, the U.S. was not interested in letting a foreign country with a maniacal dictator control a huge chunk of the world’s oil • Iraq could then manipulate us by threatening our economy

9. Problem- Iraqi Army was the 4th largest army in the world • Iraqis were veterans of the Iran-Iraq conflict • Had 900,000 soldiers (U.S. had about 650,000) • Had latest Soviet Tanks (T-72) and latest Soviet fighter planes • Iraqi Air Defenses • 700 fighter planes • 7000 anti-aircraft guns • 1600 Surface to Air missiles • Radar stations ringing the country • Decision made to attack Iraq

10. U.S. Strike- Part I Air Attack • Goal- Disable enemy command and communication structure • U.S. Helicopters • Flew into Iraqi air space at night, flying 75 feet off the ground with no lights • Utilized satellite, radar, and GPS data to fly this low with no lights • Destroyed a 20 mile line of radar stations simultaneously (to give no warning) • U.S. stealth bombers as well as cruise missiles fired at key military targets in Iraq • Invisible to Iraqi radar • U.S. sent up decoy planes too, to reflect radar. • When Iraqis fired on these decoy planes, the U.S. fired missiles that could trace the enemy missiles back to their source of origin and thus blow up the anti-aircraft weapons • Iraqis stopped using radar • U.S. bombers and cruise missiles were laser and radar-guided • In WWII the average bomb landed 2300 ft from its target • In Vietnam, before the first laser guided bombs, 447 ft from the target • In Desert Storm in Iraq, 23 ft from target • Some U.S. missiles even had optical scanners that compared the passing terrain to previous satellite images, and thus ‘flew themselves’ to their targets

11. Part I. Air Strikes (cont.) • Bombing against Baghdad (most heavily defended city ever attacked by air) and Iraqi military forces continued for 6 weeks • Iraqis tried to bury their tanks in the sand to avoid airstrikes, but the U.S. could see the tanks on their heat-seeking scopes and destroyed 1300 of them from the air • Many Iraqis refused to even get in their tanks after that

12. U.S. Strike Part II- Ground Attack • U.S. armored columns rolled into Kuwait • They fired 45 pound shells that were guided by laser and radar, from gun turrets that were gyroscopic and computer guided, so they could be fired from a tank moving near top speed and be devastatingly accurate • The shells were tipped with depleted uranium that could penetrate any of the enemy armor • The U.S shot to kill ratio on enemy armored vehicles was better than 1 kill for every two shots • When the enemy fired artillery, the U.S. could return fire with technology that traced bullets back to their origin and destroyed the enemy artillery • U.S. ground forces were guided by GPS and also by hovering command-post planes and satellite images to tell them where they were and where the enemy was • 80,000 enemy soldiers surrendered in the first four days of the attack

13. U.S. Strike Part III- A Turkey Shoot • Iraqi forces fled Kuwait • There were only two roads out • The U.S. delivered air strikes against these roads, destroying 1900 armored vehicles • A journalist who toured the road later said: “…in the middle of the road was a medium-sized flatbed truck that had been bombed and roasted. There were ten bodies… and all of them had been cooked to the point of carbonization, leaving shriveled, naked mummies; black charcoaled husks with bare rictus grins and hands that had become claws. Their skin was stretched taut and shiny, heatshrunk over their skulls.”

14. The End Result • By the time the last Iraqis left Kuwait and the U.S. declared ceasefire, the U.S. had had 147 of its soldiers killed out of strike force of over 500,000. • And ¼ of these casualties were from … • Friendly fire • Statistics showed that an American male was more likely to be injured at home in the U.S., than serving in Desert Storm • The U.S. rate of killed in action was .03%, 20 x times lower than the KIA rate of the Germans invading France in 1940 (a battle considered one of the greatest routes of all time IN FAVOR OF the Germans)

15. ► The Rise of Extremism in ___________ • Many Arab Middle-Eastern Nations sided with _____________in World War II. Why? • They had been under ________________________ _______________________________ for years and Germany was fighting these enemies and, at least at first, whooping them. This was a chance to get even with those damned _________________. • In Iraq, many Arabs were impressed by the Nazi’s _______________________________. They set up the ___________ party as a model of the Nazi party • A decade after World War II, the Baath party _________________________in Iraq. Soon, _______________ had risen to the top of the Baath party, as the fearsome and violent dictator of Iraq ► Iraq’s Significance • Arab Middle Eastern Countries (such as Iraq) grew in global importance during the 20th Century on account of ____________________________ ► Saddam’s Desire for Kuwait • By Conquering Kuwait, a tiny postage-stamp of a country, Saddam could perhaps become _______ ____________________________________ _________________and a major world player • He invaded Kuwait in _________ ►America No Like-y • As the world’s largest ______________________, the U.S. was not interested in letting a foreign country with a _______________ ____________________ control a huge chunk of the world’s oil • Iraq could then _____________ by threatening our economy